Select Mating Service (SMS)

Genetics –a component of profitability Examples of the “Real” value to dairy herds using the Select Mating Service “SMS”. Select Mating Service Select Mating Service

Select Mating Service

Select Mating Service

The History of SMS Over 3.5 million cows worldwide annually! 3 part-time evaluators (5800 cows) Pedigree mate program started (SMS II) 2700 Herds (225,000 cows) Computer mating began 9579 Herds (1,034,790 cows) First time over 2 million matings Started use of linear evaluation 4750 Herds- 511,373 cows Revision of program - 10 languages 1973 1980 1983 1988 1991 1993 1996 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Select Mating Service

The History of SMS Over 4 million matings in North America annually! Over 1.5 million new animals added annually! Cow side linears exceed 1 million for the first time New options added; Genetic ranking Sire selection ranking Genomic importation North America matings exceeded 5.4 million animals Pedigree mate exceeds 1 million for the first time 2010 thru 2013 2008 thru 2013 2011 2012 2008 thru 2013

Select Mating Service

The SMS Mating Philosophy BALANCE Production Type

First SMS Conference in 1978

Strength of program is people! SMS Yearly Genetic conferences Experience you can trust Staff located in all member areas and throughout Canada. Skilled staff that can keep customers up to date on this fast pace genetic business. The person that actually evaluates your cows, mates your cows.

SMS strength There is a big difference!!! We promote professional people that know cows, know strengths and weaknesses of sires and can provide correct evaluation, know and understand this genetic business, PLUS actually mate the herd themselves. There is a big difference!!!

Professional Evaluators provide service! Key Responsibilities Accurate and timely linear evaluation Timely pedigree matings Genetic knowledge – education Sire Summary updates Keep you updated with new genetic traits, base changes etc.. Review new sire options that fit breeding goals Your genetic consultants!

The Select Sires’ SMS Consultant Philosophy Deliver Results Sire selection based on the goals of each herd! Manage inbreeding, recessive and haplotypes

SMS Countries Argentina Bolivia Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Peru Puerto Rico Uruguay USA Venezuela

Multiple Programs Cow-side linear evaluation Pedigree mating-”SMS II” Each cow evaluated on 17 type traits Pedigree collected Sires selection based on criteria Matings based on correcting type faults Pedigree mating-”SMS II” Pedigree collected on heifers and cows if desired. IB and recessive management Uses breed type values to mate Special file formats provided to allow complete automation Walk Thru Genetic Consultation Have a professional evaluator visit to develop a “Business Plan” for your breeding program. View herd to identify weaknesses No evaluations Sire selection suggestions Select Mating Service

North America totals Best measurement is new animals added to the program. 2,492,764 Select Mating Service

Pedigree matings 1,487,590 Select Mating Service

The #1 mating program in the world! Over 6 million matings per year

WMS Countries Australia Azores China Croatia Czech Republic Greece Hungary Iran Italy Japan Korea Latvia Lithuania Netherlands New Zealand Oman Poland Portugal Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Serbia Slovakia South Africa Spain Turkey United Arab Emirates UK Ukraine Zambia Zimbabwe

The SMS Mating Philosophy VERY SIMPLE Use the right genetics to maximize the ability to reach herd goals of each dairy owner. Key to any mating program is sire selection!!!!!!

Type improvement Is there value in improving the functional type traits in dairy cattle? Thru years of genetic improvement the breeds of today have improved greatly.

CDN research

CDN research

Type traits like fore udder that correlate to longer lived cows. Linear 1 Linear 8 Select Mating Service

PTA PL and Udder Comp

SMS Computer Program Contains Thousands of bulls from studs around the World. Over 60,000 Printouts available in 10 different languages. 13 different languages Fully automated to import pedigree files, genomic files and export mating recommendations to a wide range of dairy management programs. . SMS has various graphs that illustrate where the herd is today and where SMS is taking the herd’s genetics with the sires recommended. Graphs provide proof of the direction of this corrective mating program Inbreeding, recessive genes and known haplotype management is a priority.

SMS mating sequence Udder traits 1st Feet & Leg traits 2nd -correlation to longer life highest of all traits. Feet & Leg traits 2nd Frame traits 3rd Select Mating Service

What do you want in your mating program? Matings that improve the faults of the female mated for generation improvement. Inbreeding management? Genetic summary that illustrates the breeding program direction? Ability to prioritize specific animals? A professional program that is responsible for the future of your customers? Select Mating Service

Option 1: Cow-side Linear Evaluation Each cow evaluated on 17 primary type traits All traits 10% or more heritable Pedigree collected Utmost importance in inbreeding management Sires selection based on genetic criteria Herd goals Matings based on correcting type faults Trait sequence based on relationship to longer life

Option 2: Pedigree Mating (SMS II) Pedigree collected on heifers and cows if desired Parent average linears generated Genomic predictions to be imported Genomic technology has enhanced the accuracy of using pedigree mating for heifers and cows. IB and recessive management At SSG lots of heifer pedigree files downloaded via the HOLCAN

The silent but powerful genetic thief Inbreeding Select Mating Service

Estimated Future Inbreeding Source: USDA Trend in Inbreeding Coefficients for Holstein or Red & White, Calculated: December 2013 The U.S. Holstein inbreeding coefficient now exceeds 6% Select Mating Service

What is Inbreeding? Inbreeding increases Inbreeding decreases The mating of related individuals Inbreeding depression is generally greater in traits associated with fitness and survival Inbreeding increases Calf mortality Age at puberty Loss of replacement heifers prior to first calving Prevalence of recessive genetic disorders in the population. Inbreeding decreases Cow survival Single lactation production Reproductive performance Cost of $3-$5/day open Embryo Survival Calf Vigor

Why worry about Inbreeding? Trait Effect per 1% increase in inbreeding Lifetime NM$ -24 $ Age at first freshening +.36 days Productive Life -13 days Lifetime Milk -790 lbs Lifetime Protein -25 lbs First Calving Interval +.26 Month JDS 81:2729-2737- L.A. Smith, Bennett Cassell, and Ron Pearson Comparison of inbreeding depression on production and lifetime performance for 257,449 registered and 449,343 grade Holstein cows.    

Recent Inbreeding Study “The effects of genomic inbreeding on production, reproduction and conformation traits in US Holstein cows” DW Bjelland1, KA Weigel1, JD Nkrumah2, N Vukasinovic2 1 University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 2 Pfizer Animal Genetics, Kalamazoo, MI Conclusions All three measures of genomic inbreeding show effects on economically important dairy traits Effects on several traits are index specific Days open significant for percent homozygosity (1.72 days) Fat and protein percentage significant for genomic relationships Milk Yield loss 117 lbs. for first 205 days of lactation per 1% inbreeding Results consistent with pedigree inbreeding 2913 Cows in 9 Herds all Genotyped

% Inbreeding Number of generations between common parents 2 25 % 3 12.5% 4 6.25% 5 3.125% 6 1.56% 7 .78 %

Goldwyn = 6.25% Goldwyn is (1/2)4 Dam G-dam Manfred Oman Man O Man Aaron Mobile Marci James Goldwyn Goldwyn = 6.25% Gold Millie Finley Offspring Grand James Goldwyn Storm Goldwyn is (1/2)4 or 4 generations between like parentage. Cow/heifer Twine ? ? Dam G-dam ?

Because it is the right thing to do for our customers! Where are we headed? The next couple of slides show us all why Select Sires is investing in the “SMS” service program and employ skilled personnel. Because it is the right thing to do for our customers! Select Mating Service

Pedigree Analysis December 2013 Top 100 TPI Active Proven Sires* 83 of the top 100 active proven TPI sires are descendants of Planet, O Man, Shottle and Goldwyn. 49 descendants of O Man 38 descendants of Shottle 29 descendants of Planet 13 sires are direct descendants to both O Man and Shottle * With ties there are a total of 103 active proven Holstein sires on the Dec. 2013 active A.I. List Select Mating Service

Pedigree Analysis December 2013 Top 100 TPI Active Genomic Young Sires* None of the top 100 TPI genomic young sires are free of Planet, O Man, Shottle and Goldwyn in their pedigree. Sires of the future! 97 are descendants of O Man 77 are descendants of Shottle 38 are descendants of Planet 25 are descendants of Goldwyn 74 sires are direct descendants to both O Man and Shottle * With ties there are a total of 101 active Holstein young sires on the Dec. 2013 Active A.I. Young Sires List

Managing Haplotypes that Impact Fertility With our growing knowledge about the bovine genome, experts have predicted for some time that we’d likely discover numerous cattle genetic defects. Results can be embryo loss or stillbirths when these haplotypes exist in the homozygous state Harmful recessive effects on fertility and stillbirth detected by absence of homozygous haplotypes P.M. VanRaden*1, K.M. Olson†, G.R. Wiggans*, J.B. Cole*, and M.E. Tooker* Haplotypes with a higher population frequency and those that cause pregnancy loss later in gestation lead to larger losses of profitability. Select Mating Service (SMS) is an excellent tool for managing these genetic conditions as all bulls genomic tested have known defects stored in our files. Select Mating Service

Genetic trend graph

Herd genetic review by lactation

Summary of the “real” value of SMS! Inbreeding management – the genomic world is taking genetics on a speedy highway of higher inbreeding levels. Managing inbreeding is extremely important to maximize herd profitability. Recessive & haplotype management-----everyone wants to maximize the opportunity to get cows/heifers pregnant. The huge database of sires in the SMS program allows the storage of this genetic information so as to manage these undesirables. Corrective matings are provided thru using a program that focuses on traits that correlate to longer cow life. An example is improved udders and feet & legs. Working with each dairyman’s goals allows sire selection to move the herd genetically in the right direction. The SMS II pedigree mating option allows all the important inbreeding and recessive management while using population genetics for each animal. The cow-side linear evaluation option looks at the faults of each individual cow to identify their weaknesses and linearly depicts their differences from the average daughter of a sire. For dairymen that know cows corrective mating results in visual confirmation the program works! A herd genetic program that is easy to manage every day on your dairy is the result of the SMS program. Making sure all employees use the program correctly insures the goal of having future generations of cattle that genetically meet your breeding and milk market goals. SMS is a program that consummates the ever-changing genetic world into a usable on-farm breeding program. Time savings is a high priority of the program. Knowing you are working with the most trusted genetic consultant team in the business who have a clear understanding of the genetic changes and trends, is a clear example of the value SMS offers.   Select Mating Service Select Mating Service

SMS can manage the genetics of the most important girls outside your home! Service for your genetic investment.

The Select Mating Service Program is a tool with proven value! The best way to predict the future is to Create It! The Select Mating Service Program is a tool with proven value! Select Mating Service