Adsorption Liquid Chromatography. Open Column Chromatography Silica gel Glass Tube Eluent Vial for fraction collection.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chromatography Dr.Tawfeq A. Al-Howiriny Associate Professor
Advertisements

In this presentation you will:
Gas Chromatography Introduction 1.) Gas Chromatography
GC & LC.
HPLC 1. Introduction 1.Introduction CHROMATOGRAPHY Chromatography basically involves the separation of mixtures due to differences in the distribution.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography. HPLC originally refered to: High Pressure Liquid Chromatography currently refers to: High Precision Liquid Chromatography.
DR ZIAD W JARADAT PROTEIN BIOTECHNOLOGY BT 452 Chapter 3 HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY.
Chapter 32 HIGH-PERRORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the most versatile and widely used type of elution chromatography.
Chromatography.
Basic Principles of Chromatography (2)
Column Chromatography. Types of columns: 1- Gravity Columns: The mobile phase move through the stationary phase by gravity force. 2- Flash Columns (Air.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography. HPLC originally refered to: High Pressure Liquid Chromatography currently refers to: High Precision Liquid Chromatography.
Chromatography and Instrumentation. Invented by a Russian Botanist Mikhail Tswett in 1903 He used chromatography to separate the colour pigments in plants.
Distillation and Chromatography. Objectives Separate the components of a solution using distillation and chromatography Determine physical or chemical.
B IOCHEMICAL INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS -11 Dr. Maha Al-Sedik.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography High Performance Liquid Chromatography Chem. 331.
Chapter 6 - Chromatography
High Performance Liquid Chromatography
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY CHEM 3811 CHAPTER 22 DR. AUGUSTINE OFORI AGYEMAN Assistant professor of chemistry Department of natural sciences Clayton state university.
Chromatography Tomáš Mlčoch Pavel Moťka. Chromatography Described by Tswett in 1906 Described by Tswett in 1906 He separated some pigments using a tube.
Chromatography Chapter 6.
Magnet Analytical Chemistry Unit 4
CHROMATOGRAPHY. The general name given to methods by which two or more compounds in a mixture are physically separated by distributing themselves between.
PLOT Columns P orous L ayer O pen T ubular Porous layer open tubular (PLOT) columns are defined as capillary columns where the inner surface is coated.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography Instrumentation.
History of Chromatography n Early LC carried out in glass columns n diameters: 1-5 cm n lengths: cm n Size of solid stationary phase n diameters:
Lecture I. 1- Chromatographic methods A. Braithwait, E.J. Smith (1995) 2- Modern thin layer chromatography (chromatographic science services vol, 52)
Normal-phase chromatography is really not that normal. That is to say that it is used much less frequently than reversed-phase chromatography. The main.
Adsorption chromatography Adsorption versus Absorption: In absorption one substance penetrate in to the bulk of another substance. In absorption one substance.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography High Performance Liquid Chromatography Presented by- MOHSIN NISAR KHAN MOHSIN NISAR KHAN.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The chromatogram is a record of detector output Vs time as the analyte passes through the chromatography.
HPLC – High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Introduction  High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a form of liquid chromatography.liquid chromatography  The main purpose is to separate.
1 HPLC Lecture Displacement pumps Displacement pumps, on the other hand, is composed of a one directional motor driven plunger that pushes the mobile.
Best Broken into four categories
Created with MindGenius Business 2005® Instrumentation (1) Instrumentation (1) Origins Preparative column chromatography (Glass columns) Internal diameter:
Chromatography High Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC Chapter Dr Gihan Gawish.
HPLC.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Biochemical instrumental analysis - 11 Dr. Maha Al-Sedik 2015 CLS 332.
HPLC.
CHROMATOGRAPHY. Chromatography Chromatography basically involves the separation of mixtures due to differences in the distribution coefficient of sample.
T.A Nouf Alshareef KAU-Faculty of Science- Biochemistry department Analytical biochemistry lab (Bioc 343) 2012
Instrumental Analysis (I) HPLC Tutorial 8. Graded presentation Students in groups of 4-5 individuals are asked to prepare a presentation (weight=5% of.
Principles of chromatography
COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
 Laboratory technique for the Separation of mixtures  Chroma -"color" and graphein - "to write”.  Colour bands - separation of individual compounds.
HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography)
CHROMATOGRAPHY.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography. What is HPLC ? It is a separation technique that involves: Injection of small volume of liquid sample Into a tube.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography Presented by Dr. Kamal Modi 2 nd Year Resident.
9 Adsorption Chromatography: Normal-Phase Chromatography
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC, when GC won’t cut it!!!
LU 3: Separation Technique (P2)
Chromatography- TLC & HPLC
CHROMATOGRAPHY.
HPLC.
Gel Filtration Chromatography.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Chromatographic separation
Dnyanasadhana College, Thane. Department of Chemistry M. Sc
HPLC.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography
SEPARATION OF MIXTURE BY USING COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
What is chromatography?
Chromatography Daheeya Alenazi.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Presentation transcript:

Adsorption Liquid Chromatography

Open Column Chromatography Silica gel Glass Tube Eluent Vial for fraction collection

Open Column Chromatography

Advantages Simple Cheap Recovery of the products No sample preparation Drawbacks Very slow (hours) Bad reproducibility (column is prepared by operator) Limited quality of separation No detector Exposure to silica gel and solvents

Flash Chromatography Glass columns are replaced with pre-packed plastic cartridges safer and more reproducible Solvent is pumped through the cartridge, possible elution gradient safer, quicker and more reproducible Detectors and fraction collectors Automated version of open column chromatography Rapid purification or collection of fractions

Closed Column Chromatography Objective Increased speed through the use of a pressurized mobile phase High Pressure Liquid Chromatography High Performance Liquid Chromatography Limited contact with air for unstable solutes and limited evaporation of the MP Two types of columns: Packed columnsCapillaries

Stationary phaseSilica gel, alumina, zirconia, titania Solid-Liquid chromatography Mobile phaseOrganic solvents (hydrocarbons to alcohols) Mixtures of these solvents SP is a solid Separation is due to a series of adsorption / desorption steps and polar interactions LC on adsorbents

The stationary phase Analytical Column length: cm Column internal diameter: 2 – 5 mm Preparative Column length: cm Column internal diameter: 1 – 50 mm

The stationary phase Spherically shaped particles Irregularly shaped particles Porous silica particle Pore size: from 60 to 500 Ǻ determines the specific surface area 5 μm

O H H O H H O H H O H H Free silanol group Bonded silanol groups Hydrated free silanol group O H H Highly hydrated silica gel Si O O O O O O O O O H O H O H O H O H O O H O H - Ionised silanol group The silica surface Hydrogen bonding

The mobile phase The pressure drop along the column is due to flow resistance The more viscous the mobile phase, the larger the pressure drop

MMM MMM MMM S MMM MM M MMM S Stationary phase M Mobile phase molecule S Solute molecule The solute diplaces the solvent molecules adsorbed on the stationary phase No interactions are supposed to occur between solute and mobile phase Snyder’s model for adsorption chromatography

Retention is controlled by:  Specific surface area of the SP  Activation of the SP (amount of water adsorbed)  Cross-section area of the MP and solute molecules  Adsorption energies of the MP and solute molecules Solute retention Saturated unsaturated aromatic ethers nitro esters alcools amines amides hydrocarbons Snyder’s model for adsorption chromatography

Solvent strength is a measure of relative solvent polarity (ability to displace a solute) Scales are based on silica or alumina Solvent strength Solvent polarity = eluting strength heptane cyclohexaneTHFdioxaneACNiProHMeOH

Apparatus Unlike GC, many HPLC systems have a modular design can simply add a new « box » to change / extend capabilities (autosampler, fraction collector, derivatisation unit, multiple detection…)

Apparatus All solvents should be « HPLC grade » (filtered with a 0.2 um filter) to extend pump life by preventing scoring. Reduces the chances of a column plugging Solvents should be degassed prior to use. This reduces the chances of bubbles being formed in the column or detector Solvent is generally delivered at constant flow rate

Example: separation according to hydrocarbon volume CompoundR 1 R 2 R 3 αCH 3 CH 3 CH 3 βCH 3 HCH 3 γHCH 3 CH 3 δHHCH 3 Tocopherols and tocotrienols α-tocopherol = Vitamin E Natural anti-oxidant capabilities Contained in most vegetable oils and biological fluids

Tocopherols and tocotrienols Sanagi et al., Analytica Chimica Acta, 538 (2005) NPLC separations of palm oil extract obtained by Soxhlet extraction using n-hexane as extraction solvent Stationary phase: Hypersil silica (200 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) Mobile phase, n-hexane:1,4-dioxane (96.0:4.0 v/v); flow rate, 1 ml min−1; temperature, 40 °C. Peaks: (I) α-tocopherol, (II) α-tocotrienol, (IV) γ-tocotrienol, (V) δ-tocotrienol and (III and VI) unknown. Example: separation according to hydrocarbon volume

Tocopherols and tocotrienols Sanagi et al., Analytica Chimica Acta, 538 (2005) NPLC separations of palm oil extract obtained by Soxhlet extraction using n-hexane as extraction solvent Stationary phase: Hypersil silica (200 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) Mobile phase, n-hexane:1,4-dioxane (96.0:4.0 v/v); flow rate, 1 ml min−1; temperature, 40 °C. Peaks: (I) α-tocopherol, (II) α-tocotrienol, (IV) γ-tocotrienol, (V) δ-tocotrienol and (III and VI) unknown. Example: separation according to number of double bonds

Example: separation of isomers Lycopene Major carotenoid pigment present in tomatoes Associated with a decreased risk of various types of cancer (prostate, breast…) Existence of numerous (E,Z) isomers possibly displaying different bioactivity all-E isomer Z-isomers

Example: separation of isomers Lycopene Froescheis et al., J. Chromatogr. B, 739 (2000) LiChroCart Alusphere Al 100 (250 x 4 mm, 5 μm) Hexane – CH 2 Cl 2 -dioxane gradient elution Diode-array UV-visible detection

Competition for adsorption sites between the solute and solvent molecules Interactions with the adsorbent Interactions between the solute and adsorbed solvent molecules Both solute and solvent are attracted to the polar sites of the stationary phase If solutes have differing degrees of attraction to the phase, a separation is possible The silica surface

Mobile phases consisting of mixtures of polar and dispersive solvents frequently produce surface bi-layers when used with silica gel as a stationary phase and therefore a far more complicated set of interactive possibilities exist. The silica surface

Solvent strength