Lab quiz 1 on Friday – Mosses, pteridophytes and conifers OBE seminars today 12:10 (SB 117) Marnie Rout 4:10 (ISB 110) Lila Fishman

Major groups within Eudicots Monocots Basal Eudicots CaryophyllidsRosidsAsterids Eudicots

Ranunculaceae - Buttercup family Key features In Montana: 14 genera, ~80 species (>30 in Ranunculus) Habit: mostly herbs, some shrubs and vines Leaves: alternate, basal, spirally arranged simple, lobed or compound usually dentate, no stipules 

Ranunculaceae - Buttercup family Key features Inflorescences: variable Flowers: very diverse mostly perfect (bisexual) some dioecious 

Ranunculaceae - Buttercup family  Flower characters Symmetry: mostly radial (regular), some bilateral Sepals: 4-merous, 5-merous, or  (not 3’s) Petals: reduced, 5-merous, or  Stamens: numerous, filaments unfused Carpels: 3 - , sometimes 1 unfused superior ovaries lateral placentation of ovules

Ranunculus - Buttercups  Habit: perennial herbs, often found in moist areas

Ranunculus - Buttercups  Leaves: alternate or basal leaf shape variable (even within plants) simple --> lobed --> deeply divided --> compound Inflorescences: solitary or small clusters

Ranunculus - Buttercups  Flowers: regular (radially symmetric), usually yellow

Ranunculus -- Buttercups  Sepals: 5, may be deciduous Petals: 5 or 5-merous Stamens: numerous Carpels: numerous, unfused

Ranunculus -- Buttercups  Fruit type: achene = dry indehisent fruit w/ thin coat over 1 seed 1 achene

Aquilegia - Columbines  Habit: perennial herbs, moist areas Leaves: alternate or basal leaves ternately compound Inflorescences: solitary or clusters Flowers: regular, spurred

Aquilegia -- flower characters  Sepals: 5, showy Petals: 5, showy w/ spurs Stamens:  Carpels: usually 5

Aguilegia species often hybridize photos: Scott Hodges

Delphinium - Larkspurs  Ecology/distribution: open woodlands, grasslands

Delphinium - Larkspurs  Habit: perennial herbs Leaves: alternate or basal palmately lobed/compound

Delphinium - Larkspurs  Inflorescence: raceme Flowers: perfect, irregular, spurred

Delphinium -- flower characters  Sepals: 5, petal-like, 1 sepal spurred Petals: 4, reduced, 1 spurred (inside sepal spur) Stamens: numerous Carpels: usually 3

Aquilegia and Delphinium fruit type  follicle = dry, dehiscent carpel splitting along 1 suture Delphinium Aquilegia

Some other Ranunculaceae here Aconitum Anemone Thalictrum Clematis

Berberidaceae - Barberry family Key features In Montana: 1 or 2 genera, <3 native species Habit: herbs or shrubs (only shrubs here), wood yellowish Leaves: usually alternate; simple, lobed or compound

Mahonia (now Berberis) - Oregon Grape  Habit: low shrubs Leaves: alternate, variable, w/ spinose teeth pinnately compound and evergreen in Mahonia only Inflorescence: raceme Flowers: perfect, regular

Mahonia/Berberis -- flower characters  Sepals: 6, whorled Petals: 6, smaller than sepals Stamens: 6, touch sensitive Carpels: 1; ovary superior basal placentation of ovules

Mahonia/Berberis -- fruit type  berry = indehiscent fruit soft inside except for seeds Mahonia/Berberis other true berries

Another large family in the basal eudicots Papaver somniferum (Opium Poppy) Papaveraceae Argemone (Prickly Poppy)

Saxifraga Populus tremuloides (Aspen)