A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC Fifth Edition Chapter 11 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage

2 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Multimedia Audio and Video

3 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Multimedia on a PC Goal  To create or reproduce lifelike representations of sight and sound Challenge  Data storage is digital  Sights and sounds are analog

4 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition CPU Technologies for Multimedia MMX (Multimedia Extensions)  Used by Pentium MMX and Pentium II SSE (Streaming SIMD Extension)  Used by the Pentium III SSE2  For the Pentium 4 (which can also use MMX and SSE)

5 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Multimedia Devices Sound cards Digital cameras MP3 players Video capture cards

6 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Sound Cards Functions: record/play/edit sound Ports for speakers and microphone Sound-blaster compatible: considered as the sound card standard Sampling accuracy is critical to performance Stages of computerized sound  Convert from analog to digital (digitize)  Store digital data in compressed data file  Reproduce or synthesize sound (digital to analog)

7 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Digitizing Sound Analog sound is converted to digital sound by sampling  Sample size 8 bits: represent 256 levels of signals 16 bits: represent 65,536 levels of signals  Sampling rate(Hz): 22 KHz for ears 44 KHz for music CDs

8 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Compressing Sound MP3 (MPEG-1 Layer 3)  Lossy compression standard for music  Reduce size of a sound file by as much as 1:24 without noticeable degradation in quality

9 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Hands-on Project: Install a Sound Card pp

10 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Digital Cameras Scans the field of image set by the picture taker and translates the light signals into digital values Form factors  # of pixels: 3.1M, 5M  color: real color (32 bits/pixel)

11 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Digital Images Displayed on the screen  Screen size: 1024 * 768 pixels Printed out on paper  Printer resolution: 300 dpi (dots/inch)  Photo paper size: 5 inch x 7 inch  # of pixels on the photo paper: 5 x 7 x 300 x 300 = 3 M

12 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Flash RAM Cards Flash technology: data is retained without a battery, e.g., SmartMedia, SanDisk, Sony Memory Sticks

13 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition MP3 Players Devices that play MP3 files

14 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Video Capture Cards Captures input from camcorder or directly from TV Features to look for:  IEEE 1394 (FireWire) port to interface with digital camcorder  Data transfer rates  Capture resolution and color-depth capabilities  Ability to transfer data back to digital camcorder or VCR  Stereo audio jacks  Video-editing software

15 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Video Compression Standards MPEG-1: TV/VHS quality for business/home applications MPEG-2: DVD/HDTV quality MPEG-4: high-quality video transmissions over the Internet

16 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Optical Storage Technology Patterns of tiny pits on disc surface represent bits, which are readable by a laser beam Major optical storage technologies  CD: use CDFS (Compact Disc File System) or UDF (Universal Disk Format)  DVD: use only UDF

17 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Layout of Sectors on a CD

18 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition CDs Data are stored as pits (recessed areas) and lands(raised areas) The bits are read by a laser beam Multisession feature  Data can be written to the disc at different times

19 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition How a CD Drive Can Interface with the Motherboard EIDE interface (most common) SCSI interface with SCSI host adapter Portable drive; plug into external port on PC

20 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition CD-R and CD-RW CD-R (CD-recordable)  Enables “burning” your own CDs  Cannot overwrite  Inexpensive  Can be read by all CD-ROM drives CD-RW (CD-rewritable)  Allows overwriting old data with new data  Cannot always be read by older drives

21 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Hands-on Project: Install a CD Drive pp. 491

22 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition DVD (Digital Video Disc) Has large storage capacity (8.5 GB one side; 17 GB both sides) Uses UDF file system Uses MPEG-2 video compression; requires MPEG-2 controller to decode compressed data Stores audio in Dolby AC-2 compression Recently: HD-DVD and read-writable DVDs

23 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition DVD Drive

24 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition DVD Devices

25 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Hardware Used for Backups and Fault Tolerance On standalone PCs or small servers  Tapes  Removable drives On a PC connected to file server  Back up data to a file server

26 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Removable Drives Can be internal or external Advantages  Increase overall storage capacity  Easy to move large files between computers  Convenient medium for making backups  Easy to secure important files

27 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Types of Removable Drives Newer  IBM Microdrive  JumpDrive by Lexar Media  Iomega HDD drive by Iomega Older  Iomega 3½-inch Zip drive  SuperDisk by Imation

28 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition IBM Microdrive

29 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition JumpDrive

30 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Iomega HDD Drive

31 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Zip Drives

32 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Hands-on Project: Installing a Zip Drive Similar to installing a hard drive

33 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Fault Tolerance and RAID Fault tolerance  Computer’s ability to respond to a fault or catastrophe RAID (redundant array of independent disks)  Stores data over an array of disks  Appears as a single drive to the users  Can automatically recover from a failure  May improve the performance

34 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition RAID-0 Data strips are written evenly to disk arrays High performance If one disk fails, the data cannot recovered 012nn+1n+2n+32n

35 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Data are mirrored If one disk fails, the data can be retrieved from the mirrored disk RAID-1 0n+1 1 n n+2 2n 0n+1 1 n n+2 2n

36 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition RAID-5 Data strips are written evenly to disk arrays High performance If one disk fails, the data can be recovered by using parity disk 012nn+1n+2n+32n Parity Disk

37 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Dynamic Volumes The fault tolerance method first introduced by Windows 2000 Type of dynamic volumes  Simple volume: normal disk drives  Spanned volume  Striped volume (RAID 0)  Mirrored volume (RAID 1)  RAID-5 volume

38 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Hardware RAID Motherboard IDE controller supports RAID Install a RAID-compliant IDE controller card and disable IDE controller on motherboard Motherboard SCSI controller supports RAID, or install a SCSI host adapter that supports RAID