1 1 Principles for energy balances in Norway By Ann Christin Bøeng Statistics Norway

2 History for energy balances in Statistics Norway Energy balances has been set up since The energy account developed the same year for analytical and policy purposes From 1990, the energy account and balance has been generated in an integrated excel based system, to ensure consistency in input data that should be equal. The energy balance is published twice per year. Preliminary and quite aggregated for the two previous years in the spring, and more detailed versions in the autumn We are currently revising and reviewing the production system and principles for the energy balances and account. I will focus on existing principles in the energy balance and considered changes, and some challenges in the data input

3 Incl condensate, NGL Incl. petrol coke 15 % added (estimated losses) Transfer? Aviation? Incl flare burn-off Not in net consu mption

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5 Conversion to other units We use physical energy contents method to convert from physical units to joule (not partial substitution method) - We multiply with the theoretical energy content in NCV for all commodities except for natural gas, where GCV is used. The same factors have been used for many years, except for gas. Might be uncertain, specially for crude oil. We get consistence in timeseries for Norwegian statistics, but not completely with statistics for Norway compiled by international organizations. This is partly due to different methods and conversion factors, and causes some confusion for users of the energy statistics

6 Planned, or considered changes. Change industry classification to SIC2007 ( Nace rev2 ) Better covering of energy commodities, such as - Bitumen, lubricants, white spirit, paraffin waxes, geothermal energy, sun energy, MTBE (additive in engine fuels) -Industrial wastes and renewable/ non-renewable municipal wastes - Biodiesel and bio ethanol as separate fuel, but what will be the origin for production? (corn, rapeseed oil?) Move “Post- and telecommunication” and “services related to transport” from services to transport. Move pipeline transport from oil and gas extraction (energy sector) to transport sector.

7 Problems with autoproducers 1 and heat Steam /heat used by the manufacturing industries has traditionally not been included in the energy balance to avoid double counting of energy. But should be included when this is bought from a third part (However, this require information about the seller and their fuels used in production of heat sold). Should ”auto” heat producers” be a part of the energy sector when they sell to a third part? Should heat / waste gases from industrial processes that are utilized as energy in electricity or heat production be counted as energy consumption or energy efficiency? Another challenge is energy used in central heating system Autoproducer undertakings generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. Main activity producer undertakings generate electricity and/or heat for sale to third parties, as their primary activity.

8 Technical solution for the new production system: We have experienced that different user’s have different needs for energy statistics. While changing the production system, we will make the input data as detailed as possible to be able to extract many kind of tables and time series.

9 Technical solution for the planned new production system Variables for energy (physical quantity and value) split up on type, sector, purpose of use, nationality of the user etc. is combined in a joint data set; -Energy used domestic by Norwegians - Energy used domestic by foreigners in Norway (for transport industries, tourists, embassies, fishing) - Energy used by Norwegians abroad for the same sectors - Supply side: Energy produced and used for consumption or conversion by the energy sector - Energy used as raw materials / feedstock - Energy used for transport and stationary purposes. - Detailed split on all energy commodities, renewable – non- renewable and by sector /industry

10 Technical solution follows Different conversion factors will be a part of the system, to convert figures to joule, toe, TWh or other units if desirable Corresponding value figures, that can be used in the National account will be integrated. Energy prices will be derived, or could in some cases be an exogenous variable to convert from value figure to physical quantity or opposite. The input data will be converted to SAS data files, and a set of SAS programs will generate different tables, such as energy accounts, energy balances or other kind of tables. Timeseries back to 1990 (if possible) The renewables energy share for Norway will be calculated and derived on basis of the data

11 Some of the purpose with a changed and more detailed system is to give a better basis for energy planning and analyses. Cover requirements for international data reporting, With that; Better consistence in the Norwegian energy balance and figures reported internationally Better consistence with national accounts (and same industry classification) Serve several purposes Last but not least; Improvement of principles and methods in both energy balance and energy account Thank you for your attention