1 Internet2 Applications* Tibor Gyires Applied Computer Science 1.What is Internet2? 2.Types of application 3.Example applications 4.List of projects by discipline 5.Membership 6.Funding sources 7.References * This outline has been compiled from the articles in the references.

2 Educating Illinois Our Vision “….By 2007 Illinois State University will be the first-choice public university in Illinois for high-achieving, motivated students who seek an individualized educational experience combined with the resources of a large university…”

3 1.Internet2 Internet2 is a not-for-profit consortium, led by over 180 US universities, developing and deploying advanced network applications and technology, accelerating the creation of tomorrow's Internet.

4 Internet2’s mission Facilitate and coordinate the development, deployment, operation, and technology transfer of advanced, network-based applications and network services to further US leadership in research and higher education and accelerate the availability of new services and applications on the Internet.

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6 Abilene Internet2 backbone network A project of the University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development (UCAID) in collaboration with various corporate partners

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9 Link capacities 13,000 miles of fiber optic cable, with over 8,000 miles of interior circuits and another 5,000 miles of access circuits Operates at speeds up to 2.4 gigabits per second (OC-48), or about 85,000 times faster than a typical computer modem. Later, OC-192 (9.6 gigabits per second) and beyond.

10 NGI, vBNS, MREN Abilene supports the New Generation Internet (NGI), an initiative among federal research agencies. Abilene network also interconnects with existing federal research networks, such as the very high performance Backbone Network Service (vBNS) of MCI Worldcom and the Metropolitan Research and Education Network (MREN).

11 2.Types of applications What are the"Internet2 Applications"? Internet2 applications require enhanced networking functionality—such as high bandwidth, low latency (delay), and multicast—not available on our commercial Internet connections.

12 Attributes in the most compelling “killer”applications 1.Interactive collaboration environments, where users can truly interact with others without the barriers of distance. 2.Common access to remote resources, such as telescopes and microscopes.

13 Attributes (cont.) 3.Using the network as a "backplane" to build network-wide computation and data services. 4.Displaying information through virtual reality environments—moving from static graphics and images to moving, three- dimensional animations.

14 3.Example applications The National Library of Medicine disseminates the genetic sequences of the human genome project. Researchers were used to annoying delays when they accessed biological sequences and genomic databases at the NIH library. Now information goes across the Abilene internetwork and screens come up almost immediately. Gene-sequence analyses that used to arrive on nine CD-ROMs every other month can now be downloaded over the network in half an hour.

15 The Grid project Using the network as a "backplane" to build network-wide computation and data services. It enables scientific exploration, which requires intensive computation and analysis of shared large- scale databases, from hundreds of TeraBytes to PetaBytes, across widely distributed scientific communities. These requirements are emerging in many scientific disciplines, including physics, biology, and earth sciences.

16 The two biggest centers For Particle Physics CERN in Geneva Fermilab near Chicago

PetaBytes / year ~10 8 events/year The Computing Challenge

18 Telemedicine During a surgery performed at Ohio State University, Abilene was used to conference with doctors from other parts of the country. Similarly, an MRI machine can scan a patient in one location and send the data to a remote supercomputer for processing, and then deliver the resulting images to a doctor in a third location.

19 Telemedicine (cont.) A specialist in Boston could give advice to a doctor in rural America for on-site medical care, or even guide that doctor during a surgery. A medical student could watch a rare procedure that would otherwise be unavailable. mo.story/index.html mo.story/index.html

20 HDTV transmission Remote control of telescopes and electron microscopes; aligning massive distributed databases to look for patterns across them.

21 Tele-immersion Tele-immersion creates coordinated, partially simulated environments at geographically distributed sites so that users can collaborate as if they were in the same physical room. The computers track the participants and the physical and virtual objects at all locations, and project them onto stereo-immersive surfaces.

22 National Tele-immersion Initiative - NTII

23 Tele-immersion (cont.) For example, a group of designers will be able to collaborate from remote sites in an interactive design process. They will be able to manipulate a virtual model starting from the conceptual design, review and discuss the design at each stage, perform desired evaluation and simulation, and even finish off the cycle with the production of the concrete part on the milling machines.

24 Tele-immersion (cont.) In the case of medical applications, such as tele-radiology and urgent diagnostics, the availability of such technologies in the places that are physically inaccessible to specialists could potentially save the lives. Off-shore ships and oil rigs are good examples of such environments.

25 Demo The participants in this session were not only able to see each other in 3D but they were also able to engage in collaborative work, and take part in a design process (a simple example of interior office design)

26 Music College music professors can now be in several places at once delivering high-quality audio and video via high-speed connections. University of Alabama, Birmingham: t2.t_t/index.html

27 Digital Video The area that will provide the widest benefit and largest aggregate use of the Internet2 network capacity is digital video. Video-based applications cover everything from video conferencing to on-demand content to remote control of microscopes and other instruments Demo

28 Virtual Adaptive Learning Architecture: Providing a University Instructional Materials Repository The Virtual Adaptive Learning Architecture, under development at the University of Arizona, provides a collaborative instructional environment where faculty from multiple disciplines can easily find, develop, edit and publish multimedia content, and make it available for use in teaching and learning. This allows university faculty members to decrease cycle time in the development of instructional modules and increase the reuse of materials across courses.

29 "Virtual Harlem" at the Desktop "Virtual Harlem" is an interactive re-creation of 1920's Harlem, New York, at the time of the Harlem Renaissance literary movement. It has been used in specialized immersive and semi-immersive facilities to give students in American Literature and in Cultural Studies an enriched understanding of the period.

30 Real-Time Tele-Operation of Remote Equipment North Carolina State University and Georgia Institute of Technology A joint operation of three network-based remote access applications: the Tele-vator excavation backhoe, a high- resolution remote microscope, and the virtual laboratory concept. Tele-vator is a computerized and network-based excavation backhoe that can be remotely operated over Internet2 networks. One of the essential feedback mechanisms is providing adequate depth of vision, which is accomplished via high-definition stereovision. OperationofRemoteEquip OperationofRemoteEquip

31 Live Interactive Video Project: Theatre Artists Backstage It allows students "backstage" to actually experience the creative process in the making of a theatrical production. Students are able to eavesdrop, dialog, and collaborate with theatre professionals at the Great Lakes Theater Festival in Cleveland. Through interactive video, students attend rehearsals, production meetings, visit the scenery and costume shops, and have the opportunity to speak with directors, designers and actors.

32 NDMA Project The National Digital mammography Archive (NDMA) represents a collaborative effort to develop a testbed that demonstrates to the National Library of Medicine the feasibility of a national breast imaging archive and network infrastructure to support digital mammography. National Library of Medicine

33 4.List of projects by discipline area Agriculture Arts Biological Sciences Business Computer Science Education Engineering Geophysical Sciences Health Sciences Humanities Mathematical and Physical Sciences Other Social Sciences

34 5.Regular Membership/Primary Participants Substantial and continuing commitment to the development, evolution and use of advanced networking facilities and applications in the conduct of research and education. Estimated $500,000 per year (Regular Membership is $25,000) GigaPoPs Development of advanced applications

35 Affiliate membership Open to not-for-profit corporations organized and operated for research or education purpose Membership: $25,000 per year Affiliate members who gain Collaboration Site can participate in Abilene

36 Collaboration Site $25,000 annual membership $20,000 Participation Fee for Abilene, and some portion of the annual fee to establish a connection to Abilene Abilene connection fee is usually shared among several sites, who connect through a GigaPoP.

37 Illinois State University Infrastructure and funding aspects Commitment to: End to end broadband connectivity, including: 1.Campus network upgrades 2.Participation/Formation of a Gigapop 3.Development of advanced applications

38 Cost Annual $25,000 membership fee, plus a $20,000/year connection fee to Abilene Additional costs for the gigaPoP or regional network

39 Sponsored Participant Status An organization can become a Sponsored Participant through sponsorship by a Regular UCAID Member who is a Primary participant. No fees are charged to Sponsored Participants (University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign- MREN)

40 6.Funding sources Federal agencies and departments, NSF, NASA, the Department of Energy, the National Institutes of Health's National Library of Medicine, etc

41 7. References