Anthropogenic Biomes A 21 st century framework for ecology & the earth sciences Erle C. Ellis Navin Ramankutty Department of Geography & Environmental.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The Effects of Climate Change on Biological Diversity
Advertisements

World Forests Forests cover 30% of the world’s land surface.
Climate and Terrestrial Biodiversity
Interactions with the Physical Environment
Anthropogenic Biomes A Framework for Earth Science and Ecology in the 21 st Century Erle C. Ellis Navin Ramankutty Department of Geography & Environmental.
Anthropogenic Biomes, Land-Use Systems
Chapter 7 – Climate and Biodiversity
THE BIOSPHERE IS THE GLOBAL ECOSYSTEM. ECOLOGY STUDY OF THE INTERACTIONS AMONG ORGANISMS AND BETWEEN ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTS.
Temperate Grasslands The Most Awesome Biome. Global Distribution The Prairie in the USA The Pampas of South America The Steppes of Eurasia 9 countries.
The Implementation of Land and Ecosystem Accounts in Europe Towards integrated land and ecosystem accounting Roy Haines-Young, University of Nottingham.
Scientific Plan for LBA2 Changing the principle… LBA1 – structure by disciplines LBA2 – structure by issues –Foster integrative science and avoid the dicotomy.
Conservation Biology: scope and meaning Bio 415/615.
The impacts of land mosaics and human activity on ecosystem productivity Jeanette Eckert.
BiomesSection 1 DAY ONE Chapter 6: Biomes Section 1: What is a Biome?
Anthropogenic Biomes A 21 st century framework for ecology & the earth sciences Erle C. Ellis Navin Ramankutty Department of Geography & Environmental.
Landscape Ecology: Conclusions and Future Directions.
Original forest Current forest Broad-scale restoration Irrigated croplands Mosaic restoration Rainfed croplands Tropical deforestation A World.
Chapter 52: An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere Objectives: - Understand that ecology integrates all areas of biology -Understand interactions.
and value of biodiversity?
Using Population Data to Address the Human Dimensions of Population Change D.M. Mageean and J.G. Bartlett Jessica Daniel 10/27/2009.
Biomes Units 6 What is a Biome? Large region characterized by specific communities of plants and animals. Determined by climate and geography. Made up.
BiomesSection 1 The World’s Major Terrestrial Biomes.
BiomesSection 1 Biomes and Vegetation Biomes are described by their vegetation because plants that grow in an area determine the other organisms that can.
Levels of Organization. Ecology The study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
Core Case Study: Different Climates Support Different Life Forms Climate -- long-term temperature and precipitation patterns – determines which plants.
LIVING IN THE ENVIRONMENT 17 TH MILLER/SPOOLMAN Chapter 7 Climate and Biodiversity.
The LAS conference Your oral presentations… –Randomly assigned –Numbers - Your quiz.. Welcome back… 1.
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. TENTH EDITION 52 An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere.
Ecology and Geography Natural Resource Management.
Ecology The study of interactions between organisms and the environment (biotic and abiotic factors)
Section 1: What is a Biome?
Section 1: What Is a Biome?
Temperate Zone:.
Space Is the Final Frontier in Ecology
Human influence on the natural biosystems f(P,T)
Rangeland Principles (REM 151)
Carly Cipolla ATOC 4800 Final Project
Jean-Louis Weber & Emil Ivanov
Ch. 52 Warm-Up Name examples of biotic and abiotic factors in the environment surrounding BHS. Which biomes can be found in Michigan? Define the following.
BiomesSection 1 DAY ONE Chapter 6: Biomes Section 1: What is a Biome?
1.1, 1.2 Global Interactions (Part 1) – Interactions in the Biosphere
Identify: What do I see on the graph
Section 1: What is a Biome?
Section 1: What is a Biome?
Rangeland Principles (REM 151)
Ecology Ecosystems and Biomes.
Earth/ Environmental Science
Section 1: What Is a Biome?
Section 1: What is a Biome?
Chapter 6 Section 1.
Section 1: What is a Biome?
16.1 Teacher Notes Interactions of Living Things
Section 1: What is a Biome?
An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere
Ch 6 BIOMES.
Section 1: What Is a Biome?
Chapter 3.3 – Studying Organisms in Ecosystems
Section 1: What Is a Biome?
Everything is Connected
Section 1: What is a Biome?
Section 1: What is a Biome?
Section 1: What Is a Biome?
Section 1: What is a Biome?
What is a Biome? Biomes are large regions characterized by a specific type of climate and certain types of plant and animal communities. Each biome is.
Section 1: What is a Biome?
Section 1: What Is a Biome?
Section 1: What Is a Biome?
6 Levels of environmental organization
Battle for the Biosphere
Section 1: What Is a Biome?
Presentation transcript:

Anthropogenic Biomes A 21 st century framework for ecology & the earth sciences Erle C. Ellis Navin Ramankutty Department of Geography & Environmental Systems University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD Department of Geography & Earth System Science Program McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2K6, Canada

Humans now shape ecological pattern and process across most of the terrestrial biosphere. “Nature” is embedded within human systems. Ecology needs to move beyond human footprints, impacts & domination.

Anthropogenic Biomes Why care about Biomes? Why do we need Anthropogenic Biomes? –A missing persons detective story How to identify & map the biomes –An empirical approach Anthropogenic Biomes of the World The way forward…. –A new model for ecological research & education Overview

On Biomes… Biomes describe global patterns of species composition and ecological processes –Basic units in the ecological hierarchy… Identified as a function of Climate, moderated by Altitude (conventionally) Basic units for global ecosystem models –IGBP (17 classes; I nternational G eosphere- B iosphere P rogramme ) Core units in ecoregion analysis of biodiversity –Olson “global 200” (16 biomes, 200 ecoregions)

Why Anthropogenic Biomes? Humans control biodiversity & ecosystem processes as much as climate. Global biome maps are not realistic. –Much of biome area does not even exist (potential vegetation). –At most includes urban & agriculture (& agriculture+tree mosaic). Conventional, climate-based biomes are not static anyway: –Anthropogenic climate change is altering biome location & composition. Biomes derived from global patterns of human interaction with landscapes may be a stronger model of global ecological patterns & processes. Grazing Agriculture Urbanization Deforestation Habitat Fragmentation etc…

Conventional Biomes ecosystem processes are a function of macroclimate (latitude, altitude, circulation) Ecosystem processes = f (C) C = Climate (precipitation & temperature)

A Working Hypothesis: ecosystem processes in anthropogenic biomes are primarily a function of human populations and their ecosystem interactions (land use) Ecosystem processes = f (P,T) (in anthropogenic biomes) P = Population density T = Land use (how land & resources are used) Anthropogenic Biomes

Anthropogenic Biomes of the World *Mosaic: >25% tree cover mixed with > 25% pasture and/or cropland * Ellis & Ramankutty, in press

Wildlands Peruvian Amazon, Peru Credit: © Wendee Holtcamp.

Croplands Atlas Mountains, Morocco Wildlands Alaska, USA

Populated Forest Koh Samai, Thailand Credit: © Yenit Company Ltd.

Croplands Atlas Mountains, Morocco Remote Rangelands South Dakota, USA Credit: © Alexander Smart.

Populated Rangelands Atlas Mountains, Morocco

Remote Croplands Colombia Basin, Washington, USA Credit: © GWMA

Croplands - Residential Rainfed Mosaic Normandy, France Credit: © JH.Bernard.

Anthropogenic Biomes of the World Ellis & Ramankutty, in press Village Biomes

Villages Jintang County, Sichuan Province, China

Rice Villages Danyang County, Jiangsu Province, China

Urban Manhattan, New York, USA Credit: © Wendee Holtcamp. <

Urban Baltimore County, Maryland, USA

Anthropogenic Biomes of the World *Mosaic: >25% tree cover mixed with > 25% pasture and/or cropland * Ellis & Ramankutty, in press

Anthropogenic biomes A new framework for ecology Only 22% of land and 11% of NPP are wild Nature is now embedded within human systems –It is no longer possible to conserve nature by avoiding human interactions Human interactions with the biosphere go far beyond a single dimension of impact or domination. Beyond the “urban + agriculture + wild” model –Forests, rangelands & croplands include people! –A wide range of population interactions.

Anthropogenic Biomes: Conceptual Model Wildlands Urban & dense ForestedRangelandsVillagesCroplands Ellis & Ramankutty, in press

Anthropogenic Biomes Results Anthropogenic Biomes are Mosaics –Anthropogenic landscapes are heterogeneous mixtures of different land use and land cover classes. –Urban areas are embedded in agricultural areas. –Trees mixed with croplands and housing. –Managed vegetation is mixed with semi-natural vegetation (e.g. croplands in rangelands and forests). –Hillslopes & mountains are often islands of semi-natural vegetation

Villages Pohkara, Nepal

A better story… “Human systems, with natural ecosystems embedded within them”. We own the biosphere: we have altered it irreversibly. Now we control its future. The old biosphere story… “Natural ecosystems with humans disturbing them”. Anthropogenic biomes A new framework for education