Review for CBA #1 Biology

Symbiosis List and describe the various interactions between organisms. Mutualism- both organisms benefit Commensalism- one benefits, the other is not harmed nor benefitted Parasitism- one benefits, the other is harmed Predation- one hunts, the other is hunted

Levels of Organization List the levels of organization from smallest to largest starting with cells. Cells Tissues Organs Organ systems Organisms

Energy Flow What is the difference between a food web, food chain and an energy pyramid? Food chain- shows the path energy takes as is moves from one organism to the next Food web- shows the path energy takes as it moves through out an ecosystem (interconnected food chains) Energy Pyramid – shows the amount of energy that is available to be transferred within a food chain

Energy Flow Describe the various ways organisms can obtain energy. Producers- use the energy from the sun (or chemicals) Consumers – use energy obtained from other organisms Decomposers – break down materials from living things to obtain energy

Herbivores- obtain energy from plants Carnivores- obtain energy from other animals Omnivores - obtain energy from both plants and animals Detritivores- obtain energy from “trash”

Carrying Capacity/Limiting Factors What is the carrying capacity? The number of organisms within a population that an ecosystem can sustain What is a limiting factor? Any factor in the environment that can keep a population to a specific number of organisms (food, shelter, water etc.)

Cycles of Matter How is the movement of matter in an ecosystem different than the movement of energy? Matter is recycled, energy moves in 1 direction What can happen to a pond or lake if additional nitrogen is added by fertilizer run off? It could cause an algae bloom which would decrease the amount of oxygen available to the fish and cause a “fish kill”

What organism is responsible for nitrogen fixation? Bacteria What are some consequences of increasing greenhouse gases? Increase in global temperatures, climate changes, decrease in populations and biodiversity

Adaptations to the Environment What type of adaptations would organisms in each environment have? Desert – plants would have modifies leaves (thorns) and roots that are long (taproots) in order to reach water; animals have adaptations to conserve water and behaviors to stay out of the heat of the day Tundra – animals have layers of fat/blubber to act as insulation; plants have short leaves and quit growing during the winter due to decreased sunlight

Marine/Aquatic- animals have gills to obtain oxygen or blowholes on top of the head to breathe at the surface and streamlined bodies to move easily through the water; plants have ways of holding fresh water in their tissues

We can infer that if organisms have similar adaptations, they must come from… Similar environments If the characteristics of a population changes, we can infer the _________ also changed Environment

Ecological Succession What is ecological succession? the gradual and orderly process of change in an ecosystem brought about by the progressive replacement of one community by another until a stable climax is established

What is the difference between primary and secondary succession? Primary begins with bare rock, like after a volcanic eruption Secondary begins with soil, like after a flood, fire or human disruption

Biomolecules What are the 4 types of biomolecules? Proteins Lipids Carbohydrates Nucleic Acids

How are the structures of proteins and carbohydrates similar? Both are made by the polymerization of smaller units Which biomolecules are used for energy? Carbohydrates – immediate use Lipids – long terms source

What are enzymes? Proteins that are catalysts that speed up chemical reactions What are nucleotides? Structural units of DNA and RNA What part of an amino acid distinguishes them from each other? Look on page 47, Figure 2-16!!! The “R” group

STUDY ALL OF YOUR NOTES!