1 Max-Planck-Institut zur Erforschung multireligiöser und multiethnischer Gesellschaften Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity Max-Planck-Institut zur Erforschung multireligiöser und multiethnischer Gesellschaften New Complexities and Challenges of Diversity Prof. Dr. Steven Vertovec

2 New Complexities and Challenges of Diversity diversity is not what it used to be… –diversification of diversity, esp. since c.1990 I.Migration flows / origins II.Migration categories / channels III.Social & policy implications

3 In-migration, United Kingdom I. Migration flows / origins

4 Newham (pop. 243,898) by country of birth source: 2001 Census

5

6 Germany - Foreigners

7 In-migration, Germany 2006

8 Proliferation of Legal Statuses and Migration Channels EU nationals Students Work permit holders Asylum-seekers Sector worker schemes Refugees Highly Skilled Leave to Remain Spouses and family Right to Settle Spätaussiedler Undocumented II. Migration categories / channels

9 Differing Migration Channel & Legal Status …even within same country of origin group e.g. Somalis in UK citizens refugees exceptional leave to remain undocumented migrants refugee status granted in other EU country asylum-seekers

10 Origins & Legal Categories impact upon characteristics of migrant populations by: -- gender -- age -- education -- employment -- duration / temporality -- family / single -- locality / mobility -- class -- modes of transnationalism

11 Global Trends International Organization for Migration UN Population Division note ongoing diversification of migrants countries of origin & channels of migration Global Commission on International Migration points to continuing – if not increasing – flows and forms of mobility

12 Some implications No common process of integration; therefore false to presume one size fits all integration policy –diversity-in-integration policy, yes… but diversity is not just a set of big, similar-condition groups Social, political and economic success will be determined by how well societies adapt themselves to increasing complexity (not how they fight it) III. Social & policy impacts

13 Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity Max-Planck-Institut zur Erforschung multireligiöser und multiethnischer Gesellschaften Hermann-Föge-Weg 11, D Göttingen, Germany tel. +49/ , fax +49/