e-Government Interoperability Interoperability is the ability of diverse systems and organizations to work together (inter-operate). The term is often used in a technical systems engineering sense, or alternatively in a broad sense, taking into account social, political, and organizational factors that impact system to system performance. Reference:

While interoperability was initially defined for IT systems or services and only allows for information to be exchanged (see definition below), a more generic definition could be this one: Interoperability is a property of a product or system, whose interfaces are completely understood, to work with other products or systems, present or future, without any restricted access or implementation.

Why Interoperability... By Using ICT technologies in government sector, at local, national and International levels, demands joined-up, interoperable, information systems –working in a seamless and coherent way across the public sector –aligned to the global information revolution –providing citizens and businesses with better access to government services –enable the exchange of information between Member States.

Number of stages and evolutionary path Stage 1: Aligning work process. Common work processes are clearly defined among cooperating agencies. Some activities are carried out in one agency and other activities in another agency. Stage 2: Knowledge sharing. Agencies demonstrate their ability and determination to share knowledge. Knowledge sharing plays an important role for inter-organisational learning and innovation. Stage 3: Joint value creation. Being able to see common value configuration is fundamental in creating added value from cross-agency services. Common information models and service catalogues are necessary for the joint development of services for common end-users. Stage 4: Strategic alignment. Common strategic positioning requires (political) alignment of mission statements. Joint government financing of projects is necessary to achieve socio-economic benefits. Reference:

The Context As more governments move to online activities and look for ways to innovate their service provision and citizens engagements they are confronted with the bundling of services, working in supply chains, opening their data and creating new service offerings. Instead of just making use of their own internal data, systems talk to each other andpublic organization must now link their systems with others. Interoperability is one of the most critical issues facing government that need to access information from multiple information systems. Interoperability might again gainmore importance with the advent of open data movement. By viewing interoperability as the ability of divers systems and organizations to work together, we implicitly suggested that that there are various levels of abstraction. Apartfrom the systems and organization level, it is possible to distinguish the following levels. Reference:

Organizational interoperability- This aims at ensuring that organizations collaborate in a harmonized way with eachother. In this type of collaborating in network(s) and can be joined-up government can be reached. Interoperability of processes aims to make various different administrative task and policy-making processes work together. In this way cross-agency processes or supply chains can be created. Interoperability of services aims at creating/defining new services or systems by discovering and composing services and sharing these services with each other. By this way new services can be created out of already existing parts. Interoperability of applications aims at integrating application(s) with each other in such a way that they work in concert, functioning virtually as one. Interoperability of data aims to make work together different data models with using different query languages to share information coming from heterogeneous systems. In this way data and information can be exchanged, combined and made available. Reference:

Interoperability basis  Interoperability Agenda specifying target services to be integrated (priority areas leading to key services). Based on both Committee decision and a survey involving citizens, business and Government Reference: Patrícia Pessi,

An architecture that defines a minimum set of premisses, politics and technical specifications that rule the usage of ITC in the Federal Government, establishing the conditions of interaction with the other Powers of the State (Legislature and Judiciary), spheres of government (states and municipalities) and with society. e – PING: Definition Reference: Patrícia Pessi,

Alignment with internet (all the systems) Adoption of XML (primary standard to data integration) Adoption of browsers The development and adoption of a Metadata Standard to e-Government (open and international model) Development and maintenance of a List of Government Themes (themes related to government action) Market support (costs and risks) e – PING:.... Reference: Patrícia Pessi,

Scalability (not a restrictive factor in the development of services) Transparency (site available to society) Preference to the adoption of open standards (proprietary are temporary) Adhesion to the e-PING (gradual and compulsory) Focus in interoperability (interconectivity of systems, integraton of data, acess to e-government services and management of content) Warranty of information privacy (by the units responsible for the e-Gov services) Non-approached themes (it doesn´t standard their presentation) e – PING:.... Reference: Patrícia Pessi,

e – PING: Relations Federal Government Citizen Business Legislature Other countries International Organizations “Third Sector” (NGOs) States Municipalities Judiciary Attorneys Ex.- From Brazil Reference: Patrícia Pessi,

Model of e-Government Result: focus on the CITIZEN Other services Other organizations Integrated web channels Multiple channels of Access e-Gov services Initial Scene Integrated Government Proposed Scenario Result: focus on Government organizations Citizen Isolated channels of access Government organ Non-integrated Government organs Government organ Integrated Government Government Integration Layer Government organ Reference: Patrícia Pessi,

Interoperability Agenda  Identifying the relationship chains between citizens and business along with Government  Mapping the supply and demand of interactions from citizens and business with the Government  Defining the multichannels of relationship between citizens and business along with Government e-Gov National Diagnosis: Reference: Patrícia Pessi,

3. Analysis of Best Practices in the implementation of “Lifeline” 2. Mapping of supply of existing services 1. Analysis of demand of services according to “Lifeline” 5. Development of a Portfolio of solutions in “Lifeline” 4. Mapping of the existing gaps between demand and supply 6. Outcomes in the short run in the Portal of Services ACTION PLAN Interoperability Agenda Reference: Patrícia Pessi,

 quantitative survey with citizens, business and organs of the government;  national sample to be applied in 10 Brazilian states and municipalities;  model of data analysis will focus based on a framework oriented to the identification of Obligations, Rights, Democratic Participation and Social Control ;  this model uses economic and social macroindicators criteria, besides life events of both citizes and business previously established Interoperability Agenda Reference: Patrícia Pessi,