Anything that has mass and takes up space! Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space!

Physical Properties Physical Properties can be observed or measured without changing the substance Physical Properties can help you identify an object

Examples of Physical Properties you can observe with your senses Color Shape Taste State Texture Shiny/dull Scent

Some Physical Properties you need to measure You an use a ruler to measure the length, width, or height of an object.

Some Physical Properties you need to measure You can use a balance or scale to measure the mass of an object

Some Physical Properties you need to measure You can use a graduated cylinder to measure the volume of a liquid

Some Physical Properties you need to measure You can put an object in water to see if it dissolves. If it does, we say that it is soluble in water

Some Physical Properties you need to measure Melting and Boiling Points are physical properties of matter.

Some Physical Properties you need to measure Melting Point = The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid Water is a liquid above 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Celsius) and below 212 degrees Fahrenheit (100 degrees Celsius)

Some Physical Properties you need to measure Boiling Point = the temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas Water is a gas (water vapor) above 212 degrees Fahrenheit (100 degrees Celsius)

Some Physical Properties you need to measure Will an item float in water? Density and buoyancy are physical properties!

How do you calculate density? Density = mass divided by volume The density of water is 1 gram/cm3 If the density of the object is less than 1 gram/cm3, the item will float If the density of the object is greater than 1 gram/cm3, the item will sink

Physical Changes A physical change is a change of the state, appearance, shape, size, or texture of a substance. A physical change does not change the identity of a substance.

Examples of Physical Changes Crushing an pop can

Examples of Physical Changes Tearing or cutting a piece of paper

Examples of Physical Changes Breaking a pencil

Examples of Physical Changes A melting ice cream cone

Examples of Physical Changes Water evaporating

Examples of Physical Changes Water condensing to form a cloud

Chemical Properties A chemical property tells us how a substance will behave during a chemical reaction. Chemical changes happen during a chemical reaction.

Examples of Chemical Properties Flammability = how easily a substance will catch on fire

Examples of Chemical Properties Will an item rust? Some materials rust (iron) Other materials do not rust (aluminum)

Chemical Changes A chemical change results in the formation of one or more new substances Chemical changes occur all around us! Chemical changes are happening in your body right now!

Chemical Changes are due to Chemical Reactions

What happens during a Chemical Reaction? Chemical Reaction = the process by which new substances are formed Chemical Reactions are irreversible

What happens during a Chemical Reaction? During a Chemical Reaction, the atoms are rearranged and a new substance is formed This new substance often has different physical and chemical properties compared to the original substance

Examples of Chemical Reactions that cause Chemical Changes Digestion = stomach acids digest your food

Examples of Chemical Reactions that cause Chemical Changes Cellular Respiration = cells release the energy stored in food

Examples of Chemical Reactions that cause Chemical Changes Cooking = uses heat to change substances (eggs, sugar, butter, etc.) into new substances (cookies)

Examples of Chemical Reactions that cause Chemical Changes Burning = wood is changed into ash, smoke, heat, and light

Examples of Chemical Reactions that cause Chemical Changes Rusting = oxygen reacts with some metals and changes them into new materials

Examples of Chemical Reactions that cause Chemical Changes Photosynthesis = green plants use the energy of the sun to change carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen

Other Common Chemical Reactions Hydrogen + Oxygen = Water Iron + Oxygen = Rust Sodium + Chlorine = Table Salt Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Baking cookies Yummy! 

How do you know when a chemical change has occurred? Signs that a chemical change has occurred include: Change in temperature The release of a gas Fire &/or smoke Change in color Light is produced

What happens to the amount of matter during a chemical change? Is the amount of matter increased? Is the amount of matter decreased?

During a chemical change, there is no increase or decrease in the quantity of matter. In other words, the number of atoms does not increase or decrease; they just get rearranged.

Law of Conservation of Matter Matter cannot be created or destroyed, but it can change form. The total amount of matter and energy available in the universe is a fixed amount. There is never any more or less

Law of Conservation of Matter The number of atoms on each side of a chemical equation needs to be the same. This is called balancing equations. We balance equations because of the Law of Conservation of Matter

Let’s balance some equations! Table Salt

Let’s balance some equations! Water Formation

Let’s balance some equations! Photosynthesis

Matter = anything that has mass and takes up space. Review Matter = anything that has mass and takes up space.

Review Physical properties of matter can be described by using our senses (color, shape, scent, etc.) Physical properties of matter can be measured (mass, volume, density, melting and boiling point, etc.)

Review Matter can be described by how it will behave during a chemical reaction Some chemical properties include flammability and the ability of a substance to rust

Review Changes to matter can be physical or chemical. Some changes do not change the makeup of the matter (physical changes) Examples of physical changes include: cutting, freezing, crushing, breaking, melting, evaporating, etc.

Review Some changes turn the matter into entirely different substances (chemical changes) Examples of chemical changes include: burning, rusting, cooking, digesting, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, etc.

Review Signs that a chemical change has occurred include: Change in temperature The release of a gas Fire &/or smoke Change in color Light is produced

Review The Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter cannot be created or destroyed, but it can change form.