What is Matter?

Classifying Matter Matter is used to describe anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter can be divided into two categories: Mixtures: contain more than one kind of matter and can be separated by physical means Pure substances: may contain more than one kind of matter but can not be separated by physical means.

Mixtures can be split into two different categories: homogeneous and heterogeneous Substances can be either an element or a compound Pure

Mixtures Homogenous mixture is the same throughout. Every sample of a homogenous mixture is the same. Heterogeneous mixture is one in which different samples are not exactly the same.

Substances Some substances, like silver contain only one kind of matter. These substances are called Elements (found on the periodic table!!!). Substances made of two or more elements are called Compounds. Substances can not be separated by sorting, filtering, heating, or cooling.

States of Matter The smallest possible particle of a compound that retains the properties of the compound is a molecule. The smallest possible particle of an element is called an atom.

States of Matter Elements and compounds use usually found in one of three different states of matter: solid, liquid, gas. Plasma-discussed soon

Kinetic Energy and State The molecules in solids, liquids, and gases all vibrate differently When a substance changes state, only the movement of the molecules change. The number of molecules does not change.

A solid retains its shape and size. A liquid will take the shape of whatever container it is in. Gases have neither a shape or size.

Changing State The mass of the substance remains the same whether it is in a solid, liquid, or gas. As temperature increases, the molecules movement increases

Plasma Positive and negatively charged gas….. But where do we encounter it?

Artificially Produced Plasma Plasma displays, including TVs Fluorescent lamps Neon signs Arc welder or plasma torch The area in front of a spacecraft’s heat shield during reentry into the atmosphere Rocket exhaust Plasma ball

Terrestrial plasmas Lightning Flames Ball lightning Sprites, elves, jets Polar Auroras

Lets change our state….. Solid Gas Liquid Sublimation Melting Freezing Deposition Evaporation Or Vaporization Condensation

States of matter How do we know if it is a solid liquid or gas?

Physical and Chemical Properties SUMMARY PROPERTIESCHANGES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES PHYSICAL This should look familiar!!! CHEMICAL PROPERTIESCHEMICAL CHANGES CHEMICAL

Physical Properties SUMMARY PROPERTIES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES- can be observed and measured and include: PHYSICAL Viscosity SOLUBLE IN ____ (water, oil) Odor Malleable Ductile

Physical Change CHANGES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES- the substance stays the same in composition and can be identified by A) change in SIZE or SHAPE B)COLOR changes [like mixing paint] Ex: Red + White= pink C) changes in STATE – if you find it on the triangle…it is a physical change!!!! [melting, freezing, evaporation, etc.] "DISSOLVES"

Phase Change Lab-Conclusion Why did the temperature go down after the steam started? What did your graph look like?

Chemical Property CHEMICAL PROPERTIES CHEMICAL HOW THE SUBSTANCE REACTS WITH OTHER CHEMICALS !! {the chemical's "personality" - "Gets along well with others!" "Hot tempered"} EX: Reactivity with water Ph Reaction to temperature, pressure Ability to ignite

Chemical Change CHEMICAL CHANGES create new substances and can be identified by : 1) COLOR changes [that cannot be explained by mixing paint] Ex: Red + White=Black 2)HEAT or LIGHT IS GIVEN OFF 3)GAS or BUBBLES PRODUCED 4) Unable to return to original substance Ex: flour + sugar + oil + water + eggs = Cake Can I change back to the original items?

Chemical Changes SOME SAMPLE TERMS FOR CHEMICAL CHANGES: Produced Yielded Formed Reacts to form Created A precipitate is formed Forms new substance

Chemical Changes How does a chemical change occur? Increase in temperature Ex: Baking, fire Rusting-water and iron Tarnish-jewelry, silver Sour-milk, food Light sensitivity- H 2 O 2 _ -why is it in the brown bottle? If light hits it, it will not work anymore!

Kinetic Theory of Matter Matter consists of a large number of small particles Particles are in constant motion Collisions transfer energy

Law of Conservation of Mass Mass can not be created or destroyed Matter changes from one form to another, but the total mass stays the same To observe this, the objects must be in a clsed system Alka Seltzer in a bag