Viruses are used for gene therapy

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Presentation transcript:

Viruses are used for gene therapy Irisa Shegani

What is gene therapy? Gene therapy is an experimental treatment that involves the introduction of genes into existing cells to prevent or cure diseases.

How are genes transferred into cells? Genes can be transferred to the cell by using a “vector”. The vectors most commonly used in gene therapy are viruses. A virus is a microscopic organism consisting of genetic material (RNA or DNA) sorrounded by a protein, lipid, or glycoprotein coat.

The types of viruses used in gene therapy are: Retroviruses Adenoviruses Adeno-associated viruses Lentiviruses Poxviruses Herpes viruses

Two types of delivery methods in gene therapy The first one is called ex-vivo, where the somatic cells are: Removed from the patient Altered with gene therapy Injected back to the patient

Two types of delivery methods in gene therapy The second delivery method is called in-vivo The virus is used to directly inject the patients tissue The most common virus for this delivery is adenovirus

Adeno virus used in gene therapy A new gene is injected into an adenovirus vector, which is used to introduce the modified DNA into a human cell.

Herpes virus used in gene therapy It may be used to treat a brain tumor When the virus gets inside the brain, it seeks out the target tumor cells and invades them The tumor starts to produce herpes enzyme because the virus has inserted its genetic material into the tumor cells

Advantages It gives someone that is born with a genetic disease or who develops cancern the chance to live a normal life This technique has the ability to cure many of the diseases that have effected our society for years

Disadvantages The virus may target the wrong cells Viruses sometimes may insert themselves into the wrong place in the DNA The area that the virus targets may triger uncontrollable growth

Ref work Campbell,M; Farrell,S. Biochemistry, 7th edition,(pp 403) Kirn,D; Liu,T; Source: Gene therapy;Jun 2008, Vol.15 issue 12. DOI:10.1038/gt.200872 Kostarelos,K; Singh,R; Tian,B; Source: FASEB Journal; Sep 2008, Vol.22 Issue 9. DOI: 10.1096/FJ.08-103275