Properties and Changes of Matter

Matter Anything that takes up space and has mass Anything that takes up space and has mass State of matter depends on temperature and pressure State of matter depends on temperature and pressure

States of Matter Solid particles vibrate in fixed position particles vibrate in fixed position are packed very closely together are packed very closely together give solid definite shape and volume give solid definite shape and volume

States of Matter Liquid particles are moving much faster particles are moving much faster have enough energy to slide past one another have enough energy to slide past one another take shape of container take shape of container Liquids have a definite volume but no definite shape.

States of Matter Gas Particles are moving very quickly Particles are moving very quickly Have enough energy to move freely away from other particles Have enough energy to move freely away from other particles Take up as much space as possible and will spread out to fill any container Take up as much space as possible and will spread out to fill any container Gases can be compressed. When they are compressed, their pressure increases.

States of Matter Plasma occurs at very high temperatures occurs at very high temperatures particles move independently particles move independently No definite shape or volume-may take shape of container No definite shape or volume-may take shape of container some of the gas becomes electrically charged Usually occurs in fluorescent lightbulbs, atmosphere (stars), and lightning Usually occurs in fluorescent lightbulbs, atmosphere (stars), and lightning

plasma Energy/Particle Formation

Freezing point- 0 o Celsius: liquid (water) becomes solid (ice) Boiling Point- 100 o Celsius: liquid (water) becomes gas (steam)

Physical Properties Any characteristic of a material that can be seen or measured without changing the identity of the material Any characteristic of a material that can be seen or measured without changing the identity of the material mass, length, volume, shape, texture, smell, hardness, color, luster, malleability, melting, freezing, boiling, evaporating, density, solubility (solute dissolves in solvent), magnetic, conductivity mass, length, volume, shape, texture, smell, hardness, color, luster, malleability, melting, freezing, boiling, evaporating, density, solubility (solute dissolves in solvent), magnetic, conductivity

Physical Changes A change in the physical properties of a material, but not its identity A change in the physical properties of a material, but not its identity Ex: mixing solutions, dissolving powders, Ex: mixing solutions, dissolving powders, tearing/cutting paper, change in state of matter, change in volume or density, breaking glass tearing/cutting paper, change in state of matter, change in volume or density, breaking glass

Chemical Properties Any characteristic that gives a substance the ability to be changed into a new substance Any characteristic that gives a substance the ability to be changed into a new substance Chemical Properties/Changes Chemical Properties/Changes Flammability, corrosiveness (rust), tarnish (metals), burning of fossil fuels, combustion of car gasoline/diesel fuel, rotting (moldy cheese) digestion, photosynthesis, change in pH Flammability, corrosiveness (rust), tarnish (metals), burning of fossil fuels, combustion of car gasoline/diesel fuel, rotting (moldy cheese) digestion, photosynthesis, change in pH

Chemical Changes A change in the identity of a substance because of the chemical properties of that substance A change in the identity of a substance because of the chemical properties of that substance All chemical changes include: All chemical changes include: The production of a new substance The production of a new substance An energy change An energy change Evidence Evidence Production of gas Production of gas Production of precipitate (new substance) Production of precipitate (new substance) Color change Color change Change in temperature Change in temperature (endothermic- gets colder, exothermic- gets warmer/hot) (endothermic- gets colder, exothermic- gets warmer/hot) pH change pH change

Law of Conservation of Matter States that, matter cannot be created or destroyed but can change form States that, matter cannot be created or destroyed but can change form Mass will be conserved during any change Mass will be conserved during any change