Instructional Objective: 1. Explain the properties of matter 2 Instructional Objective: 1.Explain the properties of matter 2.Identify elements and compounds. 3.Compare and contrast solutions, colloids and suspensions. 4.Learn how to separate the substance.

Classification of Matter

What is a Pure Substance? Can be an element or a compound Cannot be broken down into simpler components Always maintain the properties of the original substance Ex: helium,aluminum,water and salt

Elements substance that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances An element is made up of only one kind of atom. Are 90 elements found in nature. More than 20 other elements have been made in labs. Some elements are unstable and exist only for short time.

Elements Examples of Elements: Elements can be found on the periodic table Carbon (C) Gold (Au) Aluminum (Al)

Compounds substance made up of two more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed ratio The properties of a compound are different from the properties of the elements that make it up Ex: Water is made of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen (both elements are gas)

Compounds Examples of Compounds: Made up of more than one element Water (H2O) Sugar C12H22O11 Table Salt (NaCl) Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2

Mixtures Two or more substances that can be separated by physical means Heterogeneous Mixture: A mixture that has different substances that can be distinguished easily Homogeneous Mixture: A mixture that has different substances blended together evenly. Water (H2O) and Acetic Acid (CH3CO2H)

1.Heterogeneous mixture (unevenly mixed ) Ex: salad, milk, blood etc……. 2.Homogeneous mixture (evenly mixed) Ex: any flat soft drink

Instructional Objective: 1 Instructional Objective: 1..Compare and contrast solutions, colloids and suspensions. 2.Learn how to separate the substance.

Colloids( come from a Greek word for glue) A homogeneous mixture Is a type of a mixture that never settles Particles are larger than those solution but not heavy enough to settle Ex: milk , gelatin, paint, fog, smoke etc…

How can you detect colloids? By it’s appearance. By passing a beam of light through it The particles are large enough to scatter light Ex: fog, shampoos, gelatins

Tyndall effect The scattering of light by colloidal particles is called the tyndall effect

Solutions, Colloids, and Suspensions Solution: Extremely small particles that will not settle to the bottom of a container Colloid: A mixture that never settles but have larger particles than a solution and whose particles never settle (fog, smoke) Suspensions: A mixture that contains larger particles that will settle to the bottom with time (muddy water, orange juice)

What are physical and chemical changes? physical change: change that does not produce new substances chemical change: change that produces new substances

Instructional Objective: 1. Identify the state of matter Instructional Objective: 1.Identify the state of matter. 2Compare the heat of fusion and heat of vaporization

Physical Changes A physical change is a change in size, shape, or state of matter. In a physical change – the material you are changing is the same thing at the beginning and end of the change

Properties of Matter Physical Properties-with out changing the appearance Chemical Properties- always indicate a change

Physical Properties. Identifying the content of a substances without changing it. Can identify by their appearances. Ex: shape, color and state of matter. By their behavior Ex: melting point ,freezing point, attraction of the particles etc……

Physical Properties. Viscosity (resistance to flow.) Conductivity (ability to allow heat or current to flow) Malleability (ability to be hammered) Melting points (temperature at a substance change from solid to liquid) Boiling points ( temperature at a substance change from liquid to gas) Density (Use to identify a pure substances)

Date :1/25/11 Instructional Objective: 1 Date :1/25/11 Instructional Objective: 1. Identify mixtures and learn how to separate them 2.. Learn about chemical change and chemical properties Review Questions: 1.What is a compound ? Other Instructions: Lab :work on Lab 8, Pg# 17 Homework: Do the work sheet(Use your notes)

Chemical Change A chemical change is a change that changes a material into something new Burning paper (ash, smoke, fire) Sometimes you must rely on clues Bubbles Heat produced Change in color Smoke

raw egg becomes cooked egg                                  raw egg becomes cooked egg                        cake mix becomes cake paper becomes ash steel becomes rust  

What is a Chemical properties? Is a characteristic of a substance that indicates the chemical change Ex: odor, color change,bubbling,foaming etc…..

Chemical Properties Flammability Reactivity Change of color Odor Production of Gas (bubbling) Production of a precipitate (producing solid matter)

Separate the substances using their Physical properties: Ex. Size(Size of a poppy seed and sunflower seeds.) Ex: color of the seed Ex : attraction of the iron to the magnet

Separate the substance using their physical change Distillation: * is process for separating substance in a mixture by evaporating a liquid and recondensing it’s vapor. Ex. Separate the salt from saltwater.

Separating colors Chromatography method can be used

How can a suspension be separated? filtration: separation of particles in a suspension by passing through the filter paper or some other porous material

Separating substances using chemical change Ex: silver tarnish due to the reaction of silver with sulfur compound in the air forming sliver sulfide. Using chemical reaction sulfide can be removed to polish the sliver.

Conservation of Mass In any type of change (physical or chemical), the combined mass of the material does not change This is called the “Law of Conservation of Mass” Why do ashes have less mass that the wood that was burned?