1 Energy and Matter

2 The three major temperature scales. Absolute Zero Room Temperature 70  F or 21  C K = C C = K - 273

3

4 The three states of water:

5 Changes in Matter Physical changes Crushing, tearing, cutting Crushing, tearing, cutting Physical Properties Boiling point, Freezing point, color, state Boiling point, Freezing point, color, state Can be observed without changing substance’s composition Can be observed without changing substance’s composition Chemical changes Burning, cooking, chemical reactions, rusting Burning, cooking, chemical reactions, rusting In chemical reactions: In chemical reactions: Color change, precipitate, bubbling, gas produced, smell Chemical Properties Reactivity in a chemical reaction Reactivity in a chemical reaction

6 The three forms of the element carbon: These are Allotropes!

Basic Building Blocks of Matter An atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element. An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom. A compound is a substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded. Chapter 1

Classification of Matter A mixture is a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties. mixed together physically can usually be separated Homogeneous mixtures are called solutions uniform in composition (salt-water solution) Heterogeneous mixtures not uniform throughout (clay-water mixture) Chapter 1

Classifying Matter Section 2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1

10 Matter The organization of matter Substances Mixture of Substances Element Compound Homogeneous Mixture (Solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Can be Separated Physically Can be Separated Chemically

Types of Mixtures Chapter 1

12 Twenty-four-karat gold is an element Eighteen-karat gold is an alloy. Fourteen-karat gold is an alloy.

13 Filtration separates a liquid from a solid.

14 No chemical change occurs when salt water is distilled.

15 Separation of a sand-saltwater mixture.

16 Distillation

17 Electrolysis, the decomposition of water by an electric current, is a chemical process.

18 A Mixture: The composition of air.

Density Density = Mass kg g kg Volumem 3 cm 3 L Low density mass immersed in higher density fluid rises High density mass immersed in lower density fluid sinks

20 Tank of water.

21 Person submerged in the tank.

Difference Between Mass and Weight Mass is the measurement of the amount of matter in an object Weight depends on the gravity where the mass is located Your mass is the same on the moon or earth You will weigh 1/6 as much as on the moon as on the earth The gravity on the moon is 1/6 that of the earth The gravity on the moon is 1/6 that of the earth 22

Energy Potential Energy depends on an object’s position Kinetic Energy depends on an object’s motion 23

Forms of Energy Thermal EnergyThermal Energy Electrical EnergyElectrical Energy Chemical EnergyChemical Energy Nuclear EnergyNuclear Energy Electromagnetic EnergyElectromagnetic Energy

25 Matter Anything that has mass and volume Four states of matter SolidGold Retains Shape High Little Change LiquidWater Takes Shape of Container High Little Change GasNitrogen Takes Shape of Container Low Compresses under Pressure Plasma Interior of Sun Contained by magnetic field Low Compresses under Pressure When Example Shape Density Pressurized