CITIZEN SCIENCE – AN INNOVATIVE WAY TO ENGAGE ENEL MEETING WG1 Maria Schrammel, Centre for Social Innovation

OVERVIEW  What is Citizen Science and how do the concepts differ from each other?  Which successful projects are there and how are they conceptualised ("citizen driven" versus "science driven")?  ExploreAT – Citizen Science in lexicography – possible approaches.

DEFINITIONS: CITIZEN SCIENCE In general: Citizen Science includes Non-Scientists into authentic scientific processes. „There is no single definition of Citizen Science but rather a series of definitions that reveal the dynamics of this research approach which is continually evolving and implies new collaborative activities and shared objectives between the main stakeholder groups.“ (Kieslinger & Holocher-Ertl, 2014)

Science Socio-ecological Systems Individual Participants Scientific knowledge Support in data collection and analysis Development of new research fields at the interface of natural, social and cultural phenomena. Assured principles and approaches for intervention Power of review; monitoring Ownership and co-determination Opportunity for innovation New knowledge and skills in the field of research Understanding scientific processes Joint responsibility in solving essential questions VALUE OF CITIZEN SCIENCE

CHARACTERISTIC FORMS

CONTRIBUTORY OR INVESTIGATION PROJECTS  Focus on the investigation of specific research questions  Researchers as producers of knowledge  Citizens support data collection, analysis and dissemination  Self-improvement as desirable added value  From small local initiatives to international ones

COLLEGIAL PROJECTS  Focuses on the investigation of one research question  Citizens as knowledge producers  Researchers are exclusively involved in the validation of the knowledge

BSP: NATURAL HISTORY ASSOCIATIONS Field study of the London Natural History Association ( )

ACTION PROJECTS  Focus on supporting initiatives or interventions of civil society organisations – Grassroots movements  Provide fundamental principles and approaches for interventions  Citizens as initiators, researchers as collaborators  Precise research methods, extensive trainings and continuous involvement of both sides

NOISE-MAPPING

EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS  Focus on research communication and education  Focus on public relations activities, learning and development of scientific skills and critical thinking  Children and adolescents as participants in scientific processes  Scientists as organisers and trainers

Project design: Participative design processes Adapted language Different possibilities for integration Project design: Participative design processes Adapted language Different possibilities for integration Technology: Common platform Coherent interfaces and standards, openness Technology: Common platform Coherent interfaces and standards, openness Factors of success Acquisition: Cooperation with already existing organisations and networks Acquisition: Cooperation with already existing organisations and networks Content related management: Adapted supportive material (target group, language, culture) Content related management: Adapted supportive material (target group, language, culture) Data: Quality of data Coherent interfaces and standards, openness Data: Quality of data Coherent interfaces and standards, openness Intellectual property: New IPR regulations Recognition of lay knowledge Intellectual property: New IPR regulations Recognition of lay knowledge Motivation: Funding and incentive systems Motivation: Funding and incentive systems Challenges Motivation: Bi-directional communication Appreciation and recognition of the citizens’ contribution Motivation: Bi-directional communication Appreciation and recognition of the citizens’ contribution

EXPLORE AT  Lexicographic Croudsourcing - Development of Citizen Science  Participative design process including both sides  Projects with schools  Designed to enhance, update and relate the Dictionary of Bavarian Dialects in Austria

Shirk, J. L., Ballard, H. L., Wilderman, C. C., Phillips, T., Wiggins, A., Jordan, R., Bonney, R. (2012). Public Participation in Scientific Research: a Framework for Deliberate Design. Ecology and Society, 17(2), 29.; Wiggins, A., & Crowston K. (2011). From Conservation to Crowdsourcing: A Typology of Citizen Science. Proceedings of the Forty-fourth Hawai'i International Conference on System Science (HICSS-44). Catlin-Groves, C. L. (2012): The Citizen Science Landscape: FromVolunteers to Citizen Sensors and Beyond. International Journal of Zoology, Volume 2012, Article ID , 14 pages, doi: /2012/349630, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Finke, P. (2014): Citizen Science: Das unterschätze Wissen der Laien. oekom verlag München. ISBN-13: INTERESTING LITERATURE

CENTRE FOR SOCIAL INNOVATION SOCIAL INNOVATION IN AUSTRIA FOR EUROPE The Centre for Social Innovation (ZSI) researches and supports innovation processes including their social dimensions. Since 1990, the Centre has carried out more than 400 research and stimulus projects. This means that social innovations are right up there with economically relevant technical innovations and are considered equally significant by the public, politics and research.