World History: Miss Winters

 Medieval Intellectual Life  Remember.. Thinking sin caused the Black Death, etc.  The Italian Renaissance  System of Patronage gave money to new areas!  Renewed focus on mathematics  Navigational problems of long sea voyages  Better scientific instruments

 16 th -17 th century: physics and astronomy  17 th -18 th century: chemistry and biology  16 th -18 th century: mathematics  New methods of thought going back to Aristotle and Greek/Roman philosopher/scientists  Just like the Renaissance did!  Discoveries during exploration led to doubt

 Aim to glorify God  Heliocentrism: Believed in a sun-centered universe  Challenged circular orbits  Universe of staggering size  Earth no different than any other planet  On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543)  Published on his deathbed due to fear of the Church

 Father of the Scientific Revolution  Emphasis on practical, useful knowledge  New attitude toward nature

 Used experimental method  Discoveries using the telescope supported Heliocentrism  Mathematical formula for acceleration of falling objects  Law of inertia  Challenges categories of “form” and “matter”  Church forced Galileo to recant; placed under house arrest

 Planetary motion explained by mathematical formula  Elliptical orbits  Planets do not move at uniform speeds in their orbits

 Significance of Doubt  Spatial relationships can be expressed in mathematical formulas  Father of “analytical geometry”

 Blends inductive and deductive methods  Argues for a universe governed by natural laws  Laws of Motion!  Principia; Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687)

 Rise of the “Scientific Community”  The modern scientific method  A universe ordered according to natural laws

 Deism  Belief that there is a God that created the universe  BUT laws of nature, not miracles explain how the world works  Laws discovered by human reason  “De-Spiritualized” and de- mystified the Universe