CHEMISTRY UNIT Studies of Matter

Matter, Mass, & Volume MATTER: anything that has mass & takes up space MASS: the amount of matter in an object VOLUME: the amount of space an object occupies

Four States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

Solid Definite volume & shape Particles are tightly packed Examples: Ice Wood Coins

Liquid Definite volume Takes the shape of the container Particles are loosely packed Examples Water Juice

Gas No definite volume or shape Particles will expand to fill the container Examples Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Helium

Plasma An electrically charged gas Examples Fluorescent Lights Neon Lights Stars

Neon & Fluorescent Lights

Plasma TVs

Changing States To change from one state of matter to another, you add or take away ENERGY in the form of HEAT.

States of Matter Quiz Determine whether each of the following examples represent a… Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

#1

#2

#3

#4

#5

#6

#7

#8

#9

#10

Answer Key #1 Liquid #2 Gas #3 Solid #4 Plasma #5 Plasma #6 Solid #7 Plasma #8 Liquid #9 Gas #10 Plasma

Properties of Matter Matter can be described in two ways, PHYSICALLY and CHEMICALLY Physical Properties: qualities or traits that describe the substance itself Chemical Properties: qualities or traits that describe how a substance reacts with other substances

Physical Properties Color Size Shape Mass Volume Density Melting or Boiling Point State of Matter Hardness Magnetic Malleability Ability to Conduct Heat Sound Electricity

Physical Change The new substance has the same chemical composition as the old substance. Examples Change of State Cutting Bending Folding Tearing Breaking

Changes in State Melting = Solid changing to a liquid

Changes in State Evaporation= liquid change to gas

Changes in State Sublimation= solid changing to gas

Changes in State Deposition = gas changing to solid

Changes in State Condensation = gas changing to liquid

Changes in State Freezing = liquid changing to solid

Chemical Properties Ability to React with Other Substances Ability to Burn (with fire) Ability to Fizz Ability to Rust Temperature Change

Changes in Matter Substances can change form in two ways… Physically Chemically To determine which type of change has occurred, you must compare the new substance with the old substance.

Chemical Change The new substance is chemically different than the old substance. A new product has been formed. The new product has different chemical & physical properties than the old substance. Examples Burning Rusting Fizzing Temperature Change Color Change Sound Production of Light

Chemical Changes Burning

Chemical Changes Rusting

Chemical Changes Fizzing

Identifying Changes Lab Move from one station to another. Determine whether each example represents a physical change or a chemical change. Record your answer. Return to your desk when finished.

Identifying Changes Answer Key 1. Physical (clay) 2. Physical (notecard) 3. Chemical (match) 4. Physical (paperclip) 5. Chemical (NaCl) 6. Physical (state) 7. Chemical (CO 2 ) 8. Physical (sticks) 9. Physical (state) 10. Chemical (water and oxygen formed)

Reactants Substances that undergo a chemical reaction. Examples: Manganese Dioxide Hydrogen Peroxide

Products New substances formed by a chemical reaction. Examples: CuOH2 (Calumennite) CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)

Chemical Reaction Hydrogen + Oxygen = Water

Endothermic Type of chemical reaction which uses up heat, resulting in a cooler temperature. Example: Water & Ammonium Nitrate Vinegar and Baking soda

Exothermic Type of chemical reaction in which heat is given off, resulting in a warmer temperature. Example: Hydrogen Peroxide and Manganese Dioxide

Precipitate A solid that forms when a chemical reaction occurs. This solid separates out from the solution during the chemical reaction.

Physical Properties Lab Match each of the physical properties listed on your paper with an item in your basket. Select only one item for each category. Write the name of the correct item in the appropriate space. List 4 additional physical properties for each item.

Textbook Assignment Read pages in your science textbook. Answer questions #1-3 & 5 on page 90 in your Bellringer spiral. Restate the question in you answer!