SCIENCE MIDTERM REVIEW Mrs. DeVone

SCIENTIFIC METHOD 1.Recognize the problem a.How? Observe & Infer b.What is observation? Information you can get using your senses c.What is Inferring? A conclusion based on your observations (example: a tall tree ~ must be old) 2.Form a hypothesis a.What is a hypothesis? A prediction you make about the outcome of an experiment based on your problem. Created in the “if, then” format (If I count the rings inside the tree, then I will know how old the tree is.)

SCIENTIFIC METHOD 3.Test your hypothesis a.How? Plan and implement an experiment (Step by step instructions) 4.Analyze your data a.How? Data will be presented in an orderly fashion usually in some type of chart (the tree had 25 rings) 5.Draw conclusions a.How? Look at the data and make some conclusions (The tree is 25 years old) 6.Communicate your findings a.How ? Let others know what you found out with your experiment through a report or chart or poster.

VOCABULARY Hypothesis – a testable prediction about a possible solution to a problem. Inference – conclusion drawn from an observation Experiment – a series of carefully planned steps to test a hypothesis

VOCABULARY Independent variable – the one factor in an experiment that changes – Example: 3 different types of soil to see which helps a plant grow best Dependent variable – factor that will be measured in an experiment – Example: How tall the plants grew. Constant – factors in an experiment that stay the same. – Example: same type of plant, same pot, same amount of water Control – is a standard used for comparison – Example: one plant in potting soil to compare the other plants to

EXPERIMENT Read experiment – What is the experiment about? (Hypothesis) – Independent variable – what did they do different to each group? – Dependent variable – How were they measuring the experiment? – Constants – what was the same for both groups? – Control group – Which group did not have testing done to it? – Conclusion - did the amount of sleep affect the score?

LAB SAFETY Name safety rules

METRIC SYSTEM MeasurementsTool/ EquipmentUnit Lengthruler, measuring tapemeter MassTriple Beam BalanceGrams Volume (solid) Volume (Liquid) Ruler, measuring tape (l x w x h) Graduated Cylinder Meter Liter TemperatureThermometerDegrees Celsius

PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Physical Property: is a characteristic that you can observe without changing or trying to change the substance. – Example: how something looks, smells, sounds, tastes, state of matter, size, weight, density, melting/boiling point, magnetic property Chemical Property: characteristic that cannot be observed without altering the sample. – Example: Changes the composition of the item. Ability to burn is a chemical property

PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL CHANGE Physical Change: change in which the form or appearance of matter changes, but not it’s composition – Signs of Physical changes – change in shape, dissolving, changes in state – Example: folding a piece of paper into an airplane Chemical Change: change in which the composition of a substance changes – Signs of chemical changes – color change, energy/light release, change of odor, produce bubbles/fizz or solid formed, not easily reversed – Examples: leaves changing color, fireworks exploding, spoiled food, antacid in water, wood burning, banana turning brown

STATES OF MATTER Solid Liquid Gas Plasma