Mrs. Loewen’s Theme Class

 Physical Properties- those properties that can be observed without changing the make-up or identity of the matter.  Malleable- able to be pounded into a thin sheet  Electrical Conductivity- allows electricity to travel through  Density  Boiling point  Melting point  Solubility

 Chemical Properties- describe matter based on its ability to change into a new kind of matter with different properties  Flammability- capable of burning in the presence of oxygen  Rusting- when iron reacts with oxygen to produce iron oxide  Reactivity- reacts to acid or water

 Heat and Temperature are NOT the same thing.  Heat is the amount of thermal energy in the object  Temperature is the measure of how rapidly molecules are moving.  We can think of it like this, which container, the tub or the cup would melt a large ice cube faster?

 Put two inches of water in a soda bottle. Break up one seltzer tablet and put the pieces in the balloon.  Carefully fit the balloon over the neck of the bottle so none of the seltzer pieces goes into the bottle.  What states of matter are in this system?

SolidLiquidGas Melting Point Freezing Vaporization/ Boiling Point Condensation

 When water freezes does it produce any heat?  Yes, as water freezes it releases heat into the air around it.  Why do citrus farmers spray water on their crops the evening before it is going to freeze?  As the water freezes it releases heat that keeps the fruit from freezing.

 Electrons :  negatively charged particle on the outside of the nucleus.  Protons :  positively charged particles in the nucleus  Neutron :  particles with no charge in the nucleus  Nucleus :  center of the atom

 Velocity = distance / time  v=d/t  Example: miles per hour. Miles is the distance, and hour is the time. t d v

 Mass- is the amount of matter in an object  Weight- the gravitational pull of on an object

 What happens to the card and the coin if I flick the card off the cup?  To what object did I apply a force?

Newton’s First Law of Motion – “an object at rest will remain at rest unless a force acts on it.” Also, “an object in motion will remain in motion unless a force acts on it.”

 Take a straw, ping-pong ball, and golf ball.  Blow on the ping-pong ball with the SAME force each time. Measure the distance and find the average. Repeat 3 times.  Do the same with the golf ball.  Repeat with a GREATER force.

Newton’s Second Law of Motion Mass = Force x Acceleration

 With two rolling chairs or scooters, have two students who weigh about the same sit on them. Have student 1 push off of student 2.  Who is going to move further, the student pushing (1) or the student pushed (2)?  Will the distance the students travel change depending on who pushes?

Newton’s Third Law of Motion “For every force, there is an equal and opposite force.”

 Lever Parts:  Fulcrum -point from which your lever rotated.  Load. Does anyone know what the load was?  Effort force: force applied to the lever to move the load. Where did the effort force come from?

 Name a type of simple machine and give a definition:  Levers are stiff bars that rotate around a fulcrum to move objects.  Pulleys use a wheel and a rope to raise and lower loads.  Wedges have slanted sides that cut materials apart.  Inclined planes are a slanting slope that connects a higher and lower point.  Screw is an inclined plane that is set in a circular pattern.  Wheel and axis is a wheel with a rod going through it. That wheel rotates around the rod/axis to move a load.

 What type of energy do each of these objects represent?

 Scientists measure energy all the time.  Scientist have found that anytime energy transfers, no energy is lost.  If you were able to measure the air around the bouncy ball or the marbles, you would notice that heat was being released.

 When you coast down the hill on your bike, you travel for a distance and then eventually slow down. Is energy being destroyed?  No, energy is being transferred to sound and heat energy.

 We see objects because they reflect or produce light.  White light is made of many colors.  An object’s color is determined by the color of light that is reflected by the object.

 If I have metal tongs in a pot of boiling water, what happens to the handles?

 Conduction is the process of heat transfer through the collision of particles.  The objects being heated are in contact with one another and don’t move from one place to another.  Can you think of any examples of materials that get hot very quickly?

 Have you ever swam in a lake or outdoor swimming pool in the summer?  Where is the water the warmest? Where is it the coolest?  Why?

 What do you suppose these people are doing?  How do you know this?  What do you think those waves coming off the fire represent?  Do all hot objects sent off heat waves?

 This heat traveled to your body in heat waves.  Radiation occurs without the movement of particles and sometimes across empty space.