SmartPulseHD What is it? How does it work? Why did we do it? How will it help your measurements?

3 Doppler Water-Profiling Techniques Pulse-Coherent (1 flavor) –Highest precision possible –Requires high-level of ambiguity resolution for practical use –High percentage data capture Broadband (multiple flavors): –Precision dependant on specific pulse settings –Requires high-level of ambiguity resolution –Low percentage data capture – primarily due to side-lobes in shallow water Incoherent (1 flavor) –Lowest precision – increases with frequency and ping rate –Highly robust – no ambiguity resolution required. –Highest percentage of data capture

What is ambiguity resolution? Fancy term for “data checking”. Pulse-coherent and Broadband processing use two pulses to measure velocity. We must check to make sure we’re using the correct pulses. We must also check that we are measuring the correct lag (time) between each. The quality of our “resolver” determines the maximum velocity and depth range. We use a simultaneous collection of frequencies and signal processing to “resolve” (i.e. check) velocities measured using Pulse Coherent processing.

PC, Broadband, IC – General Water-profile Performance Thresholds (for a given operating frequency) Velocity Depth PC IC Broadband Using 1992 Technology Slow electronics limit IC ping rate Broadband operation function of manual settings PC limits on practicality due to poor data checking

SmartPulse HD Overview An intelligent way of using multi-frequency acoustics, pulse-coherent pings, incoherent pings, and broadband pings to automatically provide the highest resolution current profiling possible in the given conditions.

RiverSurveyor – SmartPulse HD Smart:Its an intelligent algorithm that looks at water depth, water velocity and turbulence and adapts the pulse scheme to those conditions Pulse:It uses Multi-frequency, Pulse-Coherent, Broadband, and incoherent together automatically to provide the highest resolution possible HD: “High Definition” – just like your TV, this lets customers see the clearest velocity picture possible with cell sizes down to 2 cm

How it works for the RiverSurveyor (Basics) We continuously track boat motion and water depth using both bottom tracking and the vertical beam. We also continuously monitor the velocity of the water relative to the boat. Based upon the measured water velocity and water depth, the optimum processing configuration is selected. 1.Always send 3-Mhz and/or 1-Mhz incoherent water-profile pings. 2.If in range, use pulse-coherent ping for water-profile. Can be either 2-cm (3- Mhz) or 6-cm (1-Mhz). 3.A third ping-type is used for ambiguity resolution and will use either 3-Mhz or 1-Mhz frequency and three available ping types (Pulse-coherent, Broadband, Incoherent).

Advantages – How can we do it? Hardware and Architecture –Powerful CPU collects and processes data simultaneously. –Multi-frequency transducers allow for simultaneous pings using 3 techniques for water-profiling and ambiguity resolution. –Best solution is selected automatically ever second. –Greatly increases Pulse-Coherent range (depth/velocity) and resolution. YSI-ADG Engineering Talent –Years of core level development of ADCPS unmatched in industry –Incredible knowledge of physics, electronics, statistics, acoustics, etc.. –Even smart enough to figure out what we need rather than what we want….there is a difference.

PC, Broadband, IC – General Water-profile Performance Thresholds (for a given operating frequency) Velocity Depth PC IC Broadband 1992 Slow electronics limit IC ping rate Broadband operation function of manual settings PC limits on practicality due to poor data checking Velocity Depth PC IC 2010 Electronics sample IC at the limits of physics increases precision Broadband operation best used for checking PC data Multi-frequency and faster CPU greatly increases PC range

RiverSurveyor – SmartPulse HD Field Data Mean Velocity = m/s Max # of Cells = 65 (1.6-m depth) 3-Mhz and 1 Mhz PC

RiverSurveyor – SmartPulse HD Adaptive Sampling Alafaya River (tidal, complex patterns) Amazon River (60-m, high-velocity, turbulent) Wekiwa River, FL (1.5-m Low-velocity)

Broadband Incoherent SmartPulseHD

RiverSurveyor – SmartPulse HD Field Data Mean Velocity = m/s 67 PC cells in 4.7 m depth River Lune - Lancaster 27 th September 2010

Mean Velocity = m/s 51 PC cells in 1.40 m depth River Rothay - Ambleside 27 th September 2010

Velocity = – m/s 44 PC (HD) cells in 1.20 m depth Velocity = – m/s 18 IC cells in 1.50 m depth Velocity = –1.080 m/s 23 IC cells in 1.80 m depth River Severn - Llanymynech