Matter Rajesh Gupta University of California, San Diego. Mr. Smith’s Class

All around us! Matter takes up space! Matter can be…

solids

Liquids

Gases

Matter can be simple Water Sugar Paper

Matter can be complex  A Candy Bar  A Chair  A Car

Characteristics of Matter: Flexibility Color Shape Texture Size Weight

Matter can change from a Solid to Solid to A liquid

A liquid to… a Gas

11 Matter changes by.... Heat Freezing Bending Cutting

12 Heat Before… After…

13 Freezing Before… After…

14 Cutting Before… After…

15 Bending After… Before…

16 So, Matter is what the world is made of  Things are ‘material’ Matter is a thing that takes up space Immaterial things are not important Can you think of a thing that is not matter?  We have five senses Touch, Taste, Smell, See, Hear ► All things we can experience with our sense are material

17 Matter can be in different states Solid s Liquids Gasses Energy What happens when you cool solids?

18 Solids  Solids hold their own shape.  Solids have weight.  Solids take up space.

19 Liquids  Liquids take the shape of their container.  Liquids have weight.  Liquids take up space.

20 Gasses  Gasses spread out to fill the entire space given.  Gasses have weight.  Gasses take up space.

21 Plasma  Lightning is a plasma.  Used in fluorescent light bulbs and Neon lights.  Plasma is a lot like a gas, but the particles are electrically charged.

22 STATES of matter? What would it take for matter to move from one state to another?

23 Energy determines the state!

24 Particles in Solids:  Are packed tightly together  Have very little energy  Can be pure elements or compounds (a mixture)

25 Solids: Mixtures & Crystals  What is the difference between a rock, concrete, diamond?

26 Particles in Liquids:  Are loosely packed  Have medium energy levels  Take less effort to compress than solids

27 Particles in Gasses:  Move freely  Have LOTS of energy

28 Particles in Plasma:  Are electrically charged  Have EXTREMELY high energy levels

29 Mixtures may be in different phases  Solid?  Liquid?  Gas?  Plasma?

30 Add or Subtract Energy... When energy is added, particles move faster! When energy is taken away, particles move slower!

31 What will happen? Why?

32 Solid + Energy = ?  When energy is added to solids, they become liquids!  Examples?

33 Liquid + Energy = ?  When energy is added to liquids, they become gasses!  What examples can you think of?

34 Changing States  There are several names for matter changing states: State change Phase change Physical change

35 Facts  Matter is made of molecules Which are made of atoms  There are five known states of matter Three: Solid, Liquid, Gas Four: Plasma Five: Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC)  State changes can be Physical: same molecules, less or more energy Chemical: molecules are different

36 Physical versus Chemical Changes  You can cause physical changes with Forces like: motion, temperature, pressure May change shape, texture, state of matter Melting a sugar cube  Chemical changes happen on a much smaller scale Change between molecules Burning a sugar cube

37 Not all molecules are alike!  Energy levels may vary from one to the next Molecules on the surface of a liquid have different energy levels  Some liquid molecules may escape EVAPORATION  Evaporation increases with temperature Decreases with pressure

38 Credits  Larraine N. Castleberry  Provo Craft Hugware  Chem4Kids.com