Melting and boiling points GCSE PHYSICS By- vashisht agrawal

Melting Melting is the process when a solid liquefies due to heat. The constant temperature at which this happens is known as the melting point.

Boiling Boiling or vaporization is the process when liquid changes into gaseous state by receiving heat energy. The constant temperature at which this process takes place is known as boiling point.

Types of energy There are two types of energies found in a substance that are known as, potential and kinetic energy.

Kinetic Energy “Kinetic energy is the energy a body posses by virtue of being in motion.” The temperature of a substance is defined by kinetic energy. When a substance is ready to boil/melt, energy is still being transferred but the temperature does not change. In this entire process, the kinetic energy does not change, but instead the potential energy increases.

Boiling vs. evaporation Boiling is a process which can only take place at a certain temperature, such as 100 degree Celsius. Where as, evaporation takes place at the surface of a liquid, and can take place as long as there is sufficient kinetic energy to break bonds.

Condensation Condensation is the process where the physical state of matter changes from a gas to liquid. For example; the formation of clouds.

Solidification Solidification is the process where the physical state of matter changes from liquid to solid. A great example for this would be the formation of ice.

Latent heat Latent heat is the heat required to convert a solid into a liquid or liquid into a gas without a change in temperature. Latent heat of fusion is the amount of energy required to change the state of matter from solid to liquid. Latent heat of vaporization is the amount of energy required to change the state of matter from from liquid to gas.

Liquid to gas The structure of particles in liquid form are fairly packed together. Liquids have some freedom, but they aren’t as free as gas particles. The moment you apply a certain amount of heat energy, the liquid particles gain energy and become more energetic. After sometime, when some of the particles are energetic enough to overcome the forces of attraction, they do so and turn into gas.

Solid to liquid The particle in solid form have less freedom, and only vibrate in a fixed position. Though as you apply some heat energy, the particles start moving more rapidly and naturally some particles overcome the forces of attraction. This is how a solid changes the state of matter and turns into a liquid.

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