What would you think if you received a text that looked like this: Dear Bob, I am writing to you to declare my intention to accept your invitation and attend the sporting event. I would like to accompany you half past the hour of seven o’clock. Will that fancy you? Sincerely, Carly

Claim / Thesis argumentative / Research What is a claim / thesis? Sea World 1. What is the question (topic) being explored? 2. What is the claim being made?

How do you write a claim? Your claim is your specific definition of courage or an aspect of courage. Use bold wording as if it’s a matter of fact. Courage is… I argue that courage is… Don’t use words like I think, I believe, I’m pretty sure, It’s obvious that…

Evidence What is evidence?

Evidence Evidence is support or facts that are undisputable. Evidence is what you use to support your claim/thesis that you present in your paper (both in argumentative and explanatory/expository writing).

Warrant and Backing Warrant is the logical connection between your claim and the evidence you used. This is where you support your claim by explaining how the data/evidence proves your claim. This is where you get to elaborate and get the reader on your side! DON’T ASSUME THE READER WILL MAKE THE CONNECTION BETWEEN YOUR EVIDENCE AND CLAIM

Women's complex and controversial roles are clearly portrayed in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s stories: “A Scandal in Bohemia” and “The Adventure of the Speckled Band.” In these stories, Doyle portrays the two-edged social conflict concerning the treatment, role, and portrayal of women in London during the nineteenth century (Bobby 54-6). He shows the epitome of both the traditional and culturally- molded woman within society in “Speckled” and “the New Woman” out of the traditional bonds of socially-accepted roles for women in “Scandal” through means of control, success, and education of the women. He shows the epitome of both the traditional and culturally-molded woman within society in “Speckled” and “the New Woman” out of the traditional bonds of socially-accepted roles for women in “Scandal” through means of control, success, and education of the women. Ratio: Warrant is at least 2x longer than the evidence

What makes a warrant good? A good warrant will be a reasonable interpretation of facts. A good warrant will not make illogical interpretive leaps. A good warrant will not assume more than the evidence supports.

How do I use my Evidence? Present it by Paraphrasing, Summarizing and/or Using Quotations. What is paraphrasing? What is summarizing? What are quotations?

What is paraphrasing? When you paraphrase, you put into your own words an idea that the writer conveys in the text. In other words, paraphrasing should be your own way of stating the exact idea that the writer conveys.

Example of paraphrasing Johnny threw the overly ripe apple across the fence. Johnny heaved the mushy apple to the other side of the fence.

What is summarizing? When you summarize, you use considerably fewer words to convey a writer’s ideas. In other words, you summarize the writer’s points, perhaps using only a few sentences to convey an idea that the writer develops in a page or more.

What are quotations? When you quote from the text, you copy the words exactly as they appear in the original and you put “quotation marks” around the words you take from the text. In other words, you write down exactly what is in the original text. Example: When Huck is taken by Pap, he yells, “ “ (48). OR “ ” (Twain 3). … Then you must cite it in your paper and in the works cited page.

SIDE NOTE… IN A BOOK I WANT TO USE IN MY PAPER “I have a dream.” Martin Luther King Jr.’s famous words changed the course of history in America. CITING IT “‘I have a dream.’ Martin Luther King Jr.’s famous words changed the course of history in America” (King 29).

What should it look like? Introduction: – Brief background information of Huckleberry Finn (mention both the book title and author) – OVER-ARCHING CLAIM (definition of courage) REASON 1 (1-3 paragraphs) – Topic Sentence / Mini-Claim (a piece of the OVER-ARCHING CLAIM) – Evidence (Using either direct quote, paraphrase or summary) – Warrant and Backing (Elaboration) (Tell the reader what the evidence says and then give your explanation on how your evidence connects to your Topic Sentence (Mini-Claim)  Concluding Sentence(s) (Defends/connects the paragraph to the OVER-ARCHING CLAIM)

Cont… REASON 2, 3 same thing… COUNTERCLAIM and REBUTTAL – Although____________, courage is still demonstrated when____________... Conclusion Restate your claim and tie it all together with a powerful ending!

You must cite anything you get from any of your sources NO MATTER WHAT! That means citing any summarizing, paraphrasing AND direct quotes from the texts… CITE IT IN YOUR PAPER AND IN THE WORKS CITED PAGE

How do I cite my sources? In-text Citation (parenthetical documentation) E-books and Print Books (Twain 51-6). (Last name page number(s)).

Citing… Refer to sheet

How do I cite my evidence? Works Cited Page… How would we write the MLA-formatted citation for Adventures of Huckleberry Finn? Gather the INFO! Author’s name Last, First. Title of Book. Publication Information. Page numbers. Print.

Works Cited Page Twain, Mark. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. New York: Norton, Print. Clemens, Samuel L. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. New York: Norton, Print.

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