C H A P T E R Innisfree McKinnon University of Oregon © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Outline 10 The Coastal South

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Objectives Environmental Setting –"Natural" disasters in the 20 th & 21 st centuries –Climate & Weather Historical Settlement –European & African settlement patterns –Cuban immigration & settlement patterns

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Objectives Political Economy –Citrus industry –Environmental impacts & hazards related to petroleum production –Orlando & Disneyworld Culture, People, Places –Urban settlement & large cities –Diverse cultural landscapes of the region –the development of the tourism industry

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Introduction Might appear to be part of the Inland South, but is culturally, economically and environmentally separate Has a more heterogeneous population than the Inland South

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Physical Geography Topography is low and flat Many swamps, lakes and coastal marshes –Poor drainage –Abundant rainfall Sandy soil, infertile Bays, estuaries, inlets, and barrier islands National Seashores

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Climate Humid subtropical –Long, hot, rainy, summers –Mild, wet, winters Immediate coastal area cooler than those more inland Mild winter allows for citrus production

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Hazards Most thunderstorm-prone region in U.S. –More than 200 lighting related death per year Hurricanes –1900 in Galveston Texas, ~6000 dead –2004 Florida had four major hurricanes in six weeks –Hurricane Katrina Global Climate Change

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Historical Settlement: Europe Native Americans: Southern Culture Area After European contact –Many captured, forced to work as slaves –Many died of European diseases –Others forced to relocate Spanish first to settle in region –Unsuccessful French Huguenots attempted to settle –Unsuccessful

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Historical Settlement: Europe 1764 – Spanish assume control of region –Except for French parts of Louisiana Post 1763 – French settlers in swamps and marshes of south Louisiana –Forced out of Acadia/Nova Scotia –Now called Cajuns Louisiana Purchase –U.S. obtained sovereignty over French and Spanish settlers –Roman law and Anglo-American law

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Historical Settlement: Europe Cultural influences of French and Spanish settlement –Land boundary patterns –Churches –House types German immigrants Irish Immigrants Cubans

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Historical Settlement African & Latin Americans, Vietnamese African slaves –Cultural influences remain in music, food habits, speech patterns, and architectural styles –Gullah dialect Cuban Refugees –Fidel Castro Vietnamese refugees –Many on gulf coast between New Orleans and Corpus Christi

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Agriculture Citrus Fruits –Leading U.S. producer –~80% of nation's grapefruit and oranges –Also produces limes, lemons, tangerines –These fruits cannot tolerate frost

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Sugar Cane –Exclusive to Coastal South –Florida and Louisiana leading producers –Cane must be cut by hand Agriculture

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Rice –Grown in Texas and Louisiana –These areas also produce tomatoes, carrots, sweet peppers and radishes in the winter months Agriculture

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Commercial fishing plays significant role Shrimping in coastal Texas and Louisiana Second only to Alaska in total volume of seafood Shrimping

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Other Economic Activities Minerals –Salt, phosphate, sulfur Petroleum and Natural Gas –Thousands of offshore rigs and wells in the Gulf of Mexico –Accounts for nearly half of petroleum refining in the U.S. –Pollution –Accidents –Environmental consiquences

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Tertiary and Quaternary Economics Government and military service –Creates a demand for civilian goods Housing Education Transportation Intercoastal Waterway Space Program

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Tertiary and Quaternary Economics Tourism –Numerous resort communities – Walt Disney World, Orlando Florida Warm climate, year round operation Orlando had well developed network of freeways and interstate highways 43 square miles Only Las Vegas has more hotel rooms than Orlando

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Since 1997, cruise vacationers increased more than 10x Departure ports in Miami, Fort Lauderdale, Tampa, New Orleans, Galveston Most ships have over 1000 crew Many cruise crew members come from less developed countries and send much of their pay back to to their home countries Tourism and the cruise ship industry

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Tourism and the Beach Popular beach resorts in: Myrtle Beach, Amelia Island, Fort Lauderdale, Destin, Gulf Shores, Galveston, South Padre Island Cultural and historical sites Legalization of gambling in Louisiana and Mississippi Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Retirement Migration 1940s–1970s Coastal Florida favored retirement destination for U.S. retirees Eastern North Carolina, Florida Panhandle, Gulf Coast from Alabama to Texas still attracts retirees Coastal South now out of price range for most middle-class retirees

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Mardi Gras Fr. "Fat Tuesday" Major tourist attraction in New Orleans Just before beginning of Lent (Catholic) Other cities (e.g., Mobile, Biloxi, Galveston) also have parades and activities More family oriented celebrations in Cajun country of rural Louisiana

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Coastal South is a very diverse and heterogeneous region Largest metropolitan centers are Miami, Tampa Bay region, New Orleans, Houston Culture

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Miami, FL Creation of the 20 th century Much more accessible with air travel Gateway to the Caribbean Diverse, heterogeneous and cosmopolitan Many Cuban refugees and their families Also immigrants from Haiti, Jamaica, Domican Republic, Central America Vulnerable to natural hazards

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Tampa Bay, FL Surrounding conurbation often overlooked Region contains the cities of Tampa and St. Petersburg Historically less oriented to tourism and more to industry Cigar manufacturing Port city Retirement communities

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. New Orleans, LA Hurricane Katrina in 2005 –More than 1000 New Orleans residents died Hot, humid climate Prior to Katrina: –One of the most colorful, unique cities in the U.S. Located near mouth of Mississippi River –Historically dominated trade to North American interior Many parts of city below sea level –Levees ~15% population loss in last decade

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Houston, TX – Galveston, TX Houston –Sprawling metropolitan area –Emphasis on port facilities –Product of 20 th century, working community –Houston Ship Channel –NASA –Industrial center petrochemicals –A center for transportation, trade, other industries Galveston –Galveston, TX –Located on a barrier island –Largest, most cosmopolitan city in TX in the 19 th century –After 6000 deaths in 1900 hurricane, Galveston started developing inland

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Other Places Cape Hatteras, NC –Popular ocean recreation area –Kitty Hawk – Wright Brothers first airplane flight, 1903 Myrtle Beach, SC –One of most popular beach resorts in the Southeast Charleston, SC and Savannah, GA –Largest cities in Coastal South in last half of 18 th century –Still important ports –Numerous Navy and Air Force bases

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Other Places Cape Canaveral, FL –Once launching site for many U.S. space missions Popular beaches, beach resorts –Georgia: Tybee Island, Brunswick Island, St. Simons Island –Florida and Alabama: Destin, Gulf Shores Cajun Country –Still popular with visitors –French still widely spoken –Oil revenues have allowed Cajuns to retain distinctive culture –Lafayette, New Iberia, Lake Charles are center of Cajun culture in LA

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Future of the Coastal South Orientation to trade & Cultural diversity Attracts millions of tourists from around world Trade gateway Attractive to new residents Impacts from natural and man-made hazards Development fragile ecosystems The more people, the more attention needed to environmental quality

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. End of Chapter 10