Prophetic Rhetorolect in Matthew 12:1-8 Lecture by Vernon K. Robbins Either left click or push the right arrow on your keyboard to proceed to the instructions on the next slide. Produced by Sam Bradford

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Prophetic Rhetorolect in Matthew 12:1-8 Lecture by Vernon K. Robbins Produced by Sam Bradford NO AUDIO

Review of Socio-Rhetorical Terms click links to explore Socio-Rhetorical terms Opening-Middle-Closing Texture: Opening-Middle-Closing Texture: SR online dictionary definition SR online dictionary definition SR audio files Narrational Texture: Narrational Texture: SR online dictionary definition SR online dictionary definition SR audio files SR audio files NO AUDIO

Matthew 12:1-8 FOR YOU TO READ, IF YOU WISH 1 At that time Jesus went through the grainfields on the sabbath; his disciples were hungry, and they began to pluck heads of grain and to eat. 1 At that time Jesus went through the grainfields on the sabbath; his disciples were hungry, and they began to pluck heads of grain and to eat. 2 When the Pharisees saw it, they said to him, “Look, your disciples are doing what is not lawful to do on the sabbath.” 2 When the Pharisees saw it, they said to him, “Look, your disciples are doing what is not lawful to do on the sabbath.” 3 He said to them, “Have you not read what David did when he and his companions were hungry? 3 He said to them, “Have you not read what David did when he and his companions were hungry? 4 He entered the house of God and ate the bread of the Presence, which it was not lawful for him or his companions to eat, but only for the priests. 4 He entered the house of God and ate the bread of the Presence, which it was not lawful for him or his companions to eat, but only for the priests. NO AUDIO

Matthew 12:1-8 continued FOR YOU TO READ, IF YOU WISH 5 Or have you not read in the law that on the sabbath the priests in the temple break the sabbath and yet are guiltless? 5 Or have you not read in the law that on the sabbath the priests in the temple break the sabbath and yet are guiltless? 6 I tell you, something greater than the temple is here. 6 I tell you, something greater than the temple is here. 7 But if you had known what this means, ‘I desire mercy and not sacrifice,’ you would not have condemned the guiltless. 7 But if you had known what this means, ‘I desire mercy and not sacrifice,’ you would not have condemned the guiltless. 8 For the Son of Man is lord of the sabbath.” 8 For the Son of Man is lord of the sabbath.” NO AUDIO

Matthew 15:1-14 To provide a comparison between wisdom and prophetic rhetorolects in Matthew FOR YOU TO READ, IF YOU WISH 1Then Pharisees and scribes came to Jesus from Jerusalem and said, 2“Why do your disciples break the tradition of the elders? For they do not wash their hands before they eat.” 3He answered them, “And why do you break the commandment of God for the sake of your tradition? 4For God said, ‘Honor your father and your mother,’ and, ‘Whoever speaks evil of father or mother must surely die.’ 5But you say that whoever tells father or mother, ‘Whatever support you might have had from me is given to God,’ then that person need not honor the father. 6So, for the sake of your tradition, you make void the word of God. 7You hypocrites! Isaiah prophesied rightly about you when he said: 8‘This people honors me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me; 9in vain do they worship me, teaching human precepts as doctrines.’” NO AUDIO

Matthew 15:1-14 continued To provide a comparison between wisdom and prophetic rhetorolects in Matthew FOR YOU TO READ, IF YOU WISH 10 Then he called the crowd to him and said to them, “Listen and understand: 11it is not what goes into the mouth that defiles a person, but it is what comes out of the mouth that defiles.” 12Then the disciples approached and said to him, “Do you know that the Pharisees took offence when they heard what you said?” 13He answered, “Every plant that my heavenly Father has not planted will be uprooted. 14Let them alone; they are blind guides of the blind. And if one blind person guides another, both will fall into a pit.” NO AUDIO

Matthew 12:1-8 as Prophetic Discourse Large impact of Prophetic Rhetorolect on early Christian tradition Large impact of Prophetic Rhetorolect on early Christian tradition Christians continue past traditions Christians continue past traditions Matthew 12 is an example of Prophetic Rhetorolect, Matthew 15 is an example of Wisdom Rhetorolect Matthew 12 is an example of Prophetic Rhetorolect, Matthew 15 is an example of Wisdom Rhetorolect

Opening – Middle – Closing of Matthew 12:1-8 Opening: 1 At that time Jesus went through the grainfields on the sabbath; his disciples were hungry, and they began to pluck heads of grain and to eat. Middle: I. 2 When the Pharisees saw it, they said to him, “Look, your disciples are doing what is not lawful to do on the sabbath.” II. 3 He said to them, “Have you not read what David did when he and his companions were hungry? 4 He entered the house of God and ate the bread of the Presence, which it was not lawful for him or his companions to eat, but only for the priests. 4 He entered the house of God and ate the bread of the Presence, which it was not lawful for him or his companions to eat, but only for the priests. III. 5 Or have you not read in the law that on the sabbath the priests in the temple break the sabbath and yet are guiltless? 6 I tell you, something greater than the temple is here. 6 I tell you, something greater than the temple is here.Closing: 7 But if you had known what this means, ‘I desire mercy and not sacrifice,’ you would not have condemned the guiltless. 8 For the Son of Man is lord of the sabbath.” Observations:  Opening is entirely Narrative  Parts I and II of Middle have Narrative introduction  OMC sections and subsections are open to interpretation = Narrational Texture

Function of the Pharisees Part I of Middle: I.2 When the Pharisees saw it, they said to him, “Look, your disciples are doing what is not lawful to do on the sabbath.”  Function of Pharisees is to find fault, accusing the disciples of breaking the sabbath  Note: Not in the form of a question

Wisdom Questions vs. Prophetic Questions Question in Wisdom Rhetorolect  seeking information, a genuine question Question in Prophetic Rhetorolect  makes an accusation, accuses of wrong thought and behavior

Examples of Prophetic and Wisdom Questions in Galatians 3 See Galatians 3: 3:1 You foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you?... 3:2 The only thing I want to know from you is this: Did you receive the Spirit by doing works of the law or by believing what you heard? 3:3 Are you so foolish?... Prophetic questions Prophetic questions Initial assertion  “You foolish Galatians!” Initial assertion  “You foolish Galatians!” Thought connected with questions Thought connected with questions Accusation – someone has bewitched you Accusation – someone has bewitched you Questions in both Rhetorolects can include rhetorical questions, as a way for a teacher to continue Questions in both Rhetorolects can include rhetorical questions, as a way for a teacher to continue 3:19 Why then the law? It was added because of transgressions, until the offspring would come to whom the promise had been made… Genuine Question, Paul acts as a teacher Genuine Question, Paul acts as a teacher Shift to Wisdom Rhetorolect, as early as verse 6 Shift to Wisdom Rhetorolect, as early as verse 6

How Jesus speaks to the Pharisees (1) Matthew 12:3 He said to them, “Have you not read what David did when he and his companions were hungry? Matthew 12:3 He said to them, “Have you not read what David did when he and his companions were hungry? Implication  the Pharisees have not read the law Not instructional PROPHETIC

How Jesus speaks to the Pharisees (2) 12:4 He [David] entered the house of God and ate the bread of the Presence, which it was not lawful for him or his companions to eat, but only for the priests. Relation to Prophetic discourse: people do not realize they are breaking the law, even though they appear to be righteous and proper. Relation to Prophetic discourse: people do not realize they are breaking the law, even though they appear to be righteous and proper. Also, what may appear to be improper may actually be proper Also, what may appear to be improper may actually be proper Pharisees are supposed to be very familiar with the law Pharisees are supposed to be very familiar with the law Jesus functions in their domain, and has very skillful interpretation, as they do – on their level, in their arena Jesus functions in their domain, and has very skillful interpretation, as they do – on their level, in their arena Jesus interprets from prophets in 1 Samuel 21 Jesus interprets from prophets in 1 Samuel 21

How Jesus speaks to the Pharisees (3) Jesus interprets from prophets in 1 Samuel 21 Jesus interprets from prophets in 1 Samuel 21 And also from Numbers, a book in the Torah  the Pharisees’ primary text: And also from Numbers, a book in the Torah  the Pharisees’ primary text: 12:5 Or have you not read in the law that on the sabbath the priests in the temple break the sabbath and yet are guiltless? Not supposed to work on the sabbath, but priests do  “work” is not clear cut Not supposed to work on the sabbath, but priests do  “work” is not clear cut Three step process: 1. Pharisees accusing Jesus’ disciples of wrongdoing 2. Jesus challenges Pharisees with Prophetic text 3. Jesus challenges Pharisees with text from the Torah Jesus also quotes from Hosea, another prophetic book in verse 7: Jesus also quotes from Hosea, another prophetic book in verse 7: But if you had known what this means, ‘I desire mercy and not sacrifice,’ you would not have condemned the guiltless. Result: Prophetic Discourse

WELL DONE!! You have successfully completed the lesson on how Matthew 12:1-8 is an example of Prophetic Rhetorolect You have successfully completed the lesson on how Matthew 12:1-8 is an example of Prophetic Rhetorolect Have a great day! Have a great day!