The Trucking Industry’s Top 10 Rebecca M. Brewster President and COO American Transportation Research Institute

ATRI Trucking industry’s NFP research organization Commercial Drivers Congestion and Mobility Economic Analysis Environment Safety Security Technology Transportation Infrastructure Trucking Industry Operations

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2012 Top Industry Issues CSA Hours-of-Service Economy Driver Shortage Fuel Issues/Fuel Prices EOBR/ELD Mandate Driver Retention Truck Parking Driver Health/Wellness (Tie) Congestion/Bottlenecks (Tie) Highway Infrastructure

Supply Chain Impacts Two year data collection effort   1,000 Motor Carriers   Nearly 6,000 Commercial Drivers   Shippers   Law Enforcement Third year of driver data collection initiated March 2013

CSA Knowledge Test Drivers - median performance unchanged at 6.00 (out of 14) Carriers – median performance dropped one point from to Drivers are still hugely uninformed; growth in CSA comprehension has not occurred despite attitudes becoming more negative

Driver-Reported Levels of CSA Training and Education

What Drivers Know/Don’t Know Questions with Highest Correct Responses Questions with Highest Correct Responses  A trucking company can remove a bad driver's inspection and crash data from its SMS scores by terminating the driver – FALSE  Under CSA, only out-of-service violations are counted in the measurement system – FALSE  Clean roadside inspections can actually improve a driver or carrier's CSA scores – TRUE Questions with Fewest Correct Responses Questions with Fewest Correct Responses  Which BASICs are publicly available?  Who has access to official driver CSA scores?

CSA Scores and Crash Risk Highlights from Previous Research Highlights from Previous Research Comparative Review of Statistical Tools Comparative Review of Statistical Tools ATRI’s Findings ATRI’s Findings  Analyzed Both Percentile Scores & “Alerts” Interest from U.S. DOT IG Interest from U.S. DOT IG

BASIC Scores and Crash Risk

Scores Below vs. Above Threshold

Controlled Substances/Alcohol Percentile Scores and Crash Rates

Controlled Substances/Alcohol No Score vs. Below Threshold vs. “Alert”

Driver Fitness Percentile Scores and Crash Rates

Driver Fitness No Score vs. Below Threshold vs. “Alert”

Crash Risk As Number of Scores or “Alerts” Increases

Statistically Defensible Safety Conclusions

Hours-of-Service Analysis to quantify impacts of 34-hour restart changes Released June 17 th House T&I Committee Hearing on changes June 18th

Impacts of 34-Hour Restart Changes Driver Survey Internet-based survey with 2,292 unique responses Internet-based survey with 2,292 unique responses 67% employee drivers; 33% owner-operator 67% employee drivers; 33% owner-operator Longer haul Longer haul 53% regular route; 89% use 70hr/ 8 day schedule 53% regular route; 89% use 70hr/ 8 day schedule Veteran truckload drivers (68% 10+ years driving) Veteran truckload drivers (68% 10+ years driving) 93% of drivers indicated use of restart 93% of drivers indicated use of restart

Impacts of the 34-Hour Restart Motor Carrier Survey Internet-based survey with 560 unique responses Internet-based survey with 560 unique responses Truckload Truckload Irregular route Irregular route 70 hour/ 8 day schedule 70 hour/ 8 day schedule Majority small (<100 PU) carriers Majority small (<100 PU) carriers

Why Drivers Use 34-Hour Restart Maximize on-duty hours – 68.5% Flexibility – 67.3% Maximize drive time – 49.1% Maximize time at home – 45% Avoid calculating a rolling week – 40.7% Others – plan for contingencies, shipper delays, weather, unexpected maintenance

How significantly will the 1am to 5am rule impact your operations?

How significantly will the 1 restart per week impact your operations?

Motor Carrier Survey Impacts from Changes

Logbook Analysis Logbook data from 40,000+ drivers Analysis to evaluate FMCSA Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) Percent of drivers using restart Percent of restarts out of compliance with 1-5 a.m. and 1 per week Variations in driver weekly averages

Striking Differences FMCSA Data analysis on 1,035 drivers Drivers from carriers undergoing Compliance Reviews 15% of drivers averaged 70+ hours per week ATRI Data analysis on 14,000+ drivers Drivers from carriers representing normal operations 0% of drivers averaged 70+ hours per week

Driver Group Avg. Weekly Work Hours & Driver Group Thresholds Driver Count Percent FMCSA RIA Moderate45 (<52.6)11,99584%66% High60 (52.6 to <65)2,16915%19% Very High70 (65 to <75)380%10% Extreme80 (75 or more)00%5% 34-Hour Restart

FMCSA Restart Change Costs Restart Change Safety Benefits Restart Change Health Benefits Additional Restart- Related Productivity Cost Net Benefits (Costs) ~Restart Only~ FMCSA Table ES- 9 Results* $ 331,000,000 $ 210,000,000 $ 254,000,000 $ -$ 133,000,000 ATRI Medium 7- Day Scenario $ 1,005,640 $ 501,267 $ 408,643 $ -$ (95,730) Average Additional Weekly Work Time Lost per Driver* ATRI Scenario + Additional Cost 7.5 min lost$ - $ (94,966,788)$ (95,062,518) 15 min lost$ - $ (188,927,937)$ (189,023,667) 30 min lost$ - $ (376,850,234)$ (376,945,964) 34-Hour Restart *Not captured by FMCSA in RIA.

34-Hour Restart

Hours-of-Service Second phase data collection underway to quantify actual impacts Motor carrier and driver surveys launched September Logbook analysis underway

Navigation System Use Quantify extent of use, perceived utility, benefits and risks from nav systems Carrier (169) and driver (677) surveys

Assessing the Use of Navigation Systems in the Trucking Industry Majority (54%) of drivers reported using a nav system specifically designed for truck routes   23% of drivers utilize systems designed for car use   8% used a smartphone application   15% do not use a nav system

Assessing the Use of Navigation Systems in the Trucking Industry Majority of carriers (51%) allow or encourage nav system use Majority of carriers (51%) allow or encourage nav system use Of the carriers who provide nav system, 21% provide passenger car system Of the carriers who provide nav system, 21% provide passenger car system Respondents generally trust the systems to be accurate Respondents generally trust the systems to be accurate 73% of drivers and 62% of carriers are at least somewhat trusting 73% of drivers and 62% of carriers are at least somewhat trusting

Assessing the Use of Navigation Systems in the Trucking Industry Majority of respondents (drivers and carriers) reported no crashes due to nav system errors Only 2% of drivers reported crashes attributable to nav system errors Among carriers who reported nav system- related crashes, most common errors were: Directing driver to a road unsuitable for trucks (41%) Navigating to roads with inadequate bridge/overpass clearance (34%)

What is the NAFMP? Multi-year collaborative research to develop, test and evaluate components of a fatigue management program (FMP) for commercial vehicle operators 4 research phases, 10 years

NAFMP Website Implementation Manual – includes recommended guidelines for all NAFMP components Return-on-Investment calculator Online Training

ModuleTitle Target Audience Estimated Duration 1 FMP Introduction and Overview Carrier Executives and Managers 45 min 2 Safety Culture and Management Carrier Executives and Managers 1.5 hours 3 Driver Education Drivers 3 hours 4 Driver Family Education Drivers’ Spouses and Families 45 min 5 T3 for Driver Education/Family Forum Carrier Safety Managers, Trainers 3.5 hours

C ModuleTitle Target Audience Estimated Duration 6 Shippers and Receivers 30 min 7 Motor Carriers Sleep Disorders Management Carriers Executives and Managers 1.5 hours 8 Drivers Sleep Disorders Management Drivers 1.25 hours 9 Driver Scheduling and Tools Dispatchers and Managers 1 hour 10 Fatigue Monitoring and Management Technologies Carriers Executives and Managers 1 hour

Freight Bottleneck Analysis Ongoing monitoring of 250 truck freight- significant locations Avoiding/scheduling around truck freight congestion chokepoints

Freight Performance Measures 2013 Top Ten Bottlenecks RankLocation Average Speed 2011 Rank Change 1 Chicago, IL: I-290 at I-90/I Houston, TX: I-610 at US Austin, TX: I Fort Lee, NJ: I-95 at SR St. Louis, MO: I-70 at I-64 West Louisville, KY: I-65 at I-64/I Houston, TXL I-45 at US Cincinnati, OH: I-71 at I Houston, TX: I-10 at I Dallas, TX: I-45 at I

Operational Costs of Trucking Annual report first issued in 2008 Real-world motor carrier operational data 2013 Update released 9/4/13

Operational Costs of Trucking: 2013 Update Average Carrier Costs per Mile

Operational Costs of Trucking: 2013 Update Average Carrier Costs per Hour

Operational Costs of Trucking: 2013 Update Average Total Costs by Sector

Supporting the Industry’s Research Agenda Charitable contributions to ATRI Participate in ATRI surveys and data collection – Top Industry Issues Recommend research ideas Join the Research Advisory Committee

Questions? Rebecca Brewster