STRENGTH AND DUCTILITY OF AXIALLY LOADED RC SHORT COLUMN CONFINED WITH CFRP AND GFRP Haider Osamah Al-Karaghool Supervised by: Dr. Adil K. Al-Tamimi Dr. Jamal A. Abdalla Thesis Defense

OUTLINE Introduction Research Objectives and Significance Literature Review Experimental Program Discussion of Results Conclusion

Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion The need for safe building!!! Construction Industry vs. Technology Dead Load, Live Load, Load path, New building requirements Change in the structure Corrosion, Fatigue, Design Errors, Hazardous Factors Degradation of a structure New Building vs. Old Buildings Environ. Friendly Energy Conservative Less Carbon Footprint Enhanced Life Expectancy

Introduction Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)-Defenition A composite material made of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibres. Types AFRPCFRPGFRP Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

Introduction Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)-Properties Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

Introduction Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)-Properties Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

Introduction Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)-Advantages Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

Introduction Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)-Disadvantages Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

Research Objectives Study the behavior of Normal designed RC column when strengthened with CFRP or GFRP in one or two layers. Study the behavior of Under designed RC columns when strengthened with CFRP or GFRP in one or two layers Compare the behavior of strengthened under designed RC columns with the non-strengthened normal designed RC column. Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

Research Objectives Strength (Load Capacity) Ductility Behavior as Type of Material Number of Layers Parameters involved Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

Research Significance Testing strengthened RC column with CFRP or GFRP Find the ideal solution that would replace the idea of the demolishing the structure Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

Literature Review Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion  A. Mirmiran, M. Shahawy, M. Samaan, H. El Echary, J. C. Mastrapa, and O. Pico (1998)  Studied the effect of Shape, Length, and Bond between the concrete and the jacket.  Eccentric Loading  More than 100 samples were casted (Cylinders and Square columns)  GFRP  Conclusion  Square sections are less effective than Circular sections  Effect of length–to-diameter ratios within the range of 2:1 and 5:1 is not significant for either strength or ductility of the section  Adhesive bond does not effect load-carrying capacity of FRP-confined concrete.

Literature Review Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion  P. Rochette and P. Labossiere (2000)  Studied the behaviour reinforced concrete columns reinforced confined with composites  Axial Loading  More than 40 specimens  CFRP and GFRP  Conclusion  Confinement of Circular is more effective than Square and Rectangular.  The Radius of the round corner is directly proportional with the effective of the confinement.  Excessive confinement will lead to very sudden and destructive compressive failure, which must be avoided.

Literature Review Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion  Omar Chaallal, Mohsen Shahawy, and Hunzer Hassan (2003)  Study the effectiveness of external wrapping for concrete columns  Parameters involved:  Concrete strength  Aspect ratio of cross section  Number of FRP layers  Axial Loading  Square and Rectangular section  CFRP  30 samples  Conclusion  CFRP confinement showed improvement in strength and ductility  Compressive strength is inversely proportional with the axial and transverse strain.  the gain in the compressive strength depends on the ratio of the stiffness of the FRP jacket in the lateral direction to the axial stiffness of the column

Literature Review Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion  Hua Wei, Zhimin Wu, Xia Guo, and Fumin Yi (2009)  Investigate the mechanical behaviour of columns with partial deteriorated strength and to evaluate the availability of the partial confinement.  Parameters involved:  Concrete strength  Number of wrapping layers  Plain vs. Reinforced concrete  Axial Loading  Square section  CFRP  30 samples (15 Plain vs. 15 Reinforced)  Conclusion  Partial confinement in deteriorated regions with CFRP can significantly enhance the performance of columns.  The ductility of confined specimens was enhanced significantly compared to the partial deteriorated column as well as the original column.

Experimental Setup Theoretical AnalysisConcrete Mix DesignStrain Gauge FixingEpoxy PreparationColumn PreparationProposed Matrix Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

Experimental Setup Theoretical Analysis ACI 318 Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

Experimental Setup Theoretical Analysis ACI 318 Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

Experimental Setup Theoretical Analysis Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Normal DesignUnder Design

Experimental Setup Theoretical Analysis Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Normal DesignUnder Design

Experimental Setup Theoretical Analysis Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

Experimental Setup Concrete Mix Design ACI 211 Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

Experimental Setup Concrete Mix Design Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

Experimental Setup Strain Gauge Fixing Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

Experimental Setup Epoxy Preparation-Primer Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Low-viscous material used to fill the pores on the concrete specimen surface in order to ensure full bonding between the FRP composite and the concrete surface Two parts : Part A : Base Part B : Hardener

Experimental Setup Epoxy Preparation-Primer Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

Experimental Setup Epoxy Preparation-Saturant Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Medium-viscous material used as a bonding agent between the concrete surface and the FRP material Two parts : Part A : Base Part B : Hardener

Experimental Setup Epoxy Preparation-Saturant Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion

Experimental Setup Column Preparation Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion After 125 mm 750 mm 500 mm Before R = 25 mm

Experimental Setup Proposed Matrix Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion NC11 N2 N3 U1 U2U3 NC21NC22NC23UC21UC22UC23 N1N1 NC12NC13 UC11UC12 UF13NG11NG12NG13UG11UG12 UC13 UF23NG21NG22NG23UG21UG22

Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results N Group #P (KN)∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ N N N Average

Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results NC1 Group #P (KN)∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ NC NC NC Average

Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results NC2 Group #P (KN)∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ NC NC NC Average

Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results NG1 Group #P (KN)∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ NG NG NG Average

Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results NG2 Group #P (KN)∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ NG NG NG Average

Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results U Group #P (KN)∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ U U U Average

Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results UC1 Group #P (KN)∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ UC UC UC Average

Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results UC2 Group #P (KN)∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ UC UC UC Average

Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results UG1 Group #P (KN)∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ UG UG UG Average

Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results UG2 Group #P (KN)∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ UG UG UG Average

Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results Transverse Strain Gauges #Transverse# # # # N E-04 NC11 - NC21-NG11 - NG E-05 N E-04 NC E-04 NC E-05 NG E-04 NG E-05 N E-04 NC E-04NC E-05 NG E-04NG E-05 Average-4.47E-04Average-2.74E-04Average-4.50E-05Average-2.91E-04Average-5.33E-05 #Transverse# # # # U1 - UC E-04UC E-04 UG11-UG E-04 U2-2.50E-04UC E-04 UC E-04 UG E-04 UG E-04 U3-3.10E-04UC E-04 UC E-04UG E-04 UG23- Average-2.80E-04Average-3.88E-04Average-2.96E-04Average-4.00E-04Average-2.43E-04

Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results Load and Ductility Values #P (KN) ∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ #P (KN) ∆u∆yμ∆μ∆ N U N U N U Average Average NC UC NC UC NC UC Average Average NC UC NC UC NC UC Average Average NG UG NG UG NG UG Average Average NG UG NG UG NG UG Average Average

Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results Comparisons- N Group TypeNNC1NC2NG1NG2 Load (KN) % Diff-9.44%24.56%8.06%17.68% ∆u (mm) ∆y (mm) μ∆μ∆ %Diff-2.06%8.15%11.77%52.67% Transverse-4.47E E E E E-05 %Diff % % % %

Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results Comparisons- U Group TypeUUC1UC2UG1UG2 Load (KN) % Diff-37.54%60.49%32.02%47.80% ∆u (mm) ∆y (mm) μ∆μ∆ %Diff-3.07%3.24%6.14%9.12% Transverse-2.80E E E E E %5.595%42.857% %

Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results Comparisons- N vs. U Group TypeNUC1UC2UG1UG2 Load (KN) % Diff-3.52%20.80%-0.63%11.25% ∆u (mm) ∆y (mm) μ∆μ∆ %Diff--0.49%-0.33%2.47%5.35% Transverse-5.33E E E E E %454.38%650.00%354.69%

Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Discussion of Results Mode of Failure ColumnType of FailurePositionColumn Type of Failure Position NC11DelaminationTopUC11DelaminationTop + Middle NC12DelaminationTopUC12DelaminationTop + Middle NC13DelaminationTopUC13DelaminationTop + Middle NC21DelaminationTopUC21DelaminationTop NC22DelaminationTopUC22DelaminationTop NC23DebondingTopUC23DelaminationTop NG11DebondingMiddleUG11DebondingTop + Middle NG12DebondingTopUG12DebondingMiddle NG13DebondingMiddleUG13DelaminationTop NG21DebondingTopUG21DelaminationTop NG22DebondingMiddleUG22DebondingTop + Middle NG23DebondingTopUG23DebondingTop

Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion The external confinement with CFRP or GFRP materials has increased the load and ductility of the normal and under designed specimen under axial loading. The results of the materials tested showed that CFRP materials has produced the largest lateral confinement pressure to column specimens. However, GFRP materials has produced enhancements in ductility. Excessive confinement will lead to very sudden and destructive compressive failures, which must be avoided. Externally confined concrete column could undergo large deformation without complete failure.

Introduction Research Objective & Significance Literature Review Experimental Setup Discussion of Results Conclusion Special Thanks Dr. Adil Al-Tamimi Dr. Jamal Abdalla, Dr. Sherif Yehia, and Dr. Bassil Darras Eng. Arshi Faridi Eng. Ahmed Gadhban Eng. Assia Lasfer

and thank you for listening …