Web 2.0 & Public Participation Jing Shi School of Public Administration
Outline Web 2.0 Concepts Applications Techniques How Web 2.0 influence public participation Cases Discussion
Definition Web 2.0 is a term describing the trend in the use of World Wide Web technology and web design that aims to enhance creativity, information sharing, and, most notably, collaboration among users. World Wide Webweb designcreativity These concepts have led to the development and evolution of web-based communities and hosted services, such as social-networking sites, wikis, and blogs. hosted servicessocial-networking siteswikis blogs
Web 2.0 touches every aspect of our daily lives Weibo （ Microblog ）, Twitter Renren, Facebook Qzone (QQ instant messaging) Wiki Google docs ……
Categories Online communities Blogs: easy web authoring & publishing Wikis: collaborative editing of online documents Media sharing: images and video Shared bookmarks Putting it all together: syndication & “mashups”
Online Communities Large & small MySpace: primarily personal and entertainment-oriented Facebook: primarily personal and recreational, but with some professional presence LinkedIn: Focus on professional networking
Online Communities: Facebook Primarily personal and recreational Free to members (supported by advertising) Members create profile, then connect to “friends”
Online Communities: Facebook Members can see who else is connected to their friends, and request their own connection (“friend” them) Friends can send messages, share photos, etc.
Online Communities: Facebook Individuals with common interests can form groups Can be social, casual, or professional
Online Communities: Facebook Some facebook pages represent organizations, not individuals Used for information sharing, promotion, and publicity
China’s alternative to Facebook
Difference Between FB & RenRen
Online Communities: LinkedIn LinkedIn is a business-oriented social networking site. Think Facebook with a more professional bent. The profiles look more like resumes and you have "contacts" instead of "friends" as you would have on Facebook. Method for building network is similar to facebook – contact lists are shared, and if you want to add someone to your own network, an invitation is sent via the system. They can look at your profile and decide whether or not to accept your invitation.
Online Communities: LinkedIn
Microblogging:Twitter Twitter offers a social networking and microblogging service, enabling its users to send and read other users' messages called tweets.social networkingmicroblogging Tweets are text-based posts of up to 140 characters displayed on the user's profile page.text-basedcharactersprofile Tweets are publicly visible by default, however senders can restrict message delivery to their friends list. Users may subscribe to other author tweets—this is known as following and subscribers are known as follower. Users can follow lists (groups) of authors instead of just following individual authors.
Weibo ( 微博 ) Developed by Sina (a news website/search engine similar to yahoo) 368 million users （ this number is still increasing ） No English interface
Celebrities on Weibo adf
Wikis & Collaborative Editing Tools Shared editing of online documents, with version control Wikipedia.org is famous example Google Docs is very popular cloud service
Media Sharing: Images & Video Image services include Flickr, Shutterfly, Picasa Video services include Youtube.com, tudou.com, youku.com
YouTube YouTube is a video-sharing website on which users can upload, share, and view videos. Unregistered users can watch the videos, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Youtube partner program allows enhanced channels for educational institutions and non-profits
Putting It Together – Links & Syndication How to keep track of these different systems? Connect them to each other with syndication (RSS) and similar feeds to other services. Reinforce connections with links between your main website and social platforms
Mashup A Web Site or Web application that seamlessly combines content from more than one source into an integrated experience. The term derives from its similar use in pop music, where a mashup is a category of music where the tune from one song is combined with the vocals from another. Example: a Website for an amusement park that contains a Mapquest （ googlemap ） page for visitors to get directions.
Web 2.0 is changing the way we live Traditionally
Now Create, not just consume
Improve collaboration
“Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to the Internet as a platform, and an attempt to understand the rules for success on that new platform.” - Tim O’Reilly O’Reilly first create the item “Web 2.0” in 2004 What is Web 2.0?
Summary Web as a platform Software as services Architecture of participation Social media Harnessing collective intelligence
Why government consider Web 2.0 applications very important?
Data from CNNIC ： China Internet Network Information Center 中国互联网络 发展状况统计报告 564Million
Data from CNNIC ： China Internet Network Information Center 中国互联网络 发展状况统计报告
Data from Nielson 中国社交媒体受访用户研究报告， 2012 CZT/ACN Trademarks, L.L.C
Communications Tools TraditionalNew
What is used today in Government Blogs–moderated discussions RSS–Web information updates Podcasts–news, information, topics of interest Text messages–subscription basis specific topics Facebook/MySpace/YouTube Video and photo sharing Example: white house homepage integrated many Web 2.0 applications
Government Microblog
Why do we need to engage government through Web 2.0? Interaction between government and citizens been largely 1-way: little dialogue. Access to public service institutions (core channels of interaction between government and governed) has been limited. New media provides a channel for public service to reach the public. Web 2.0 provides a channel through which the people can make demands on the government. Make government more transparent and accountable.
Web 2.0 and Public Participation Case 1 ： Dacai Yang （杨达才） nickname ： Uncle “watches” Case 2 ： Wael Ghonim- Inside the Egyptian Revolution
Case 1: 杨达才 morning ， Shanxi province Yanan city ， severe car accident-36 died,2 heavily injured
Uncle ‘Watches’ 表叔
people express their anger in comic pics
Discussion The benefits of Web 2.0 for government The challenges of Web 2.0 for government
Benefits Increased access to audiences Increased transparency and accountability Improved accessibility of communication Increased speed of public feedback and input Enables government to be more active in its relationships
Challenges ？
The end & Thank you ！