Internet2 Ana Preston Program Manager, International Partnerships Buenos Aires, Argentina August 20, 2002

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 2 People on the Internet Source: Nua Internet Surveys Millions of People

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 3 Internet…today Internet: from thousands of users to millions of users. Web, , low-quality audio & video Interconnect personal computers and servers Applications adapt to underlying technology While it can “accommodate” explosive growth and enable convergence of information, mass media and human collaboration, BUT Internet of the future will need to support billions of users and devices and the convergence of today’s applications with multimedia and ….

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 4 The new science: e-science Science used to about test tubes, wet labs and big instruments But increasingly science is moving to networks and computers Science is now longer bound by bricks and mortar or geography Recognition that more and more science is network and computationally based Examples….

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 5 Cont. Peer to peer: the killer application? Distributed Computing: A problem is broken into many small tasks Tasks are then distributed to thousands of PCs world wide When PCs are not busy they work on the distributed computation After some time the results are returned to a central server

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 6 Demonstrated that PC Internet Computing Could Grow to Megacomputers Running on 500,000 PCs, ~1000 CPU Years per Day Over Half a Million CPU Years so far! 22 Teraflops sustained 24x7 Sophisticated Data & Signal Processing Analysis Distributes Datasets from Arecibo Radio Telescope Next Step- Allen Telescope Array Arecibo Radio Telescope

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 7 This "virtual supercomputer" uses peer-to-peer technology to make unprecedented amounts of processing power available to medical researchers to accelerate the development of improved treatments and drugs that could potentially cure diseases. peer-to-peer technology Rapid new discoveries in cancer research

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 8 Virtual Observatory Discovery process will rely on advanced visualization and data mining tools Not tied to a single brick and mortar location Will cross correlate existing multi-spectral databases petabytes in size No new telescopes or radio dishes. Just big networks interconnecting large database

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 9 Today’s Internet… Today’s Internet does NOT: reliable performance (end-to-end) Encourage cooperation on new capabilities Allow testing of new technologies Support development of revolutionary applications meet the unique needs of research and education community

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 10 Research and Development Commercialization Partnerships Privatization Internet Development Spiral Today’s Internet Internet2 Source: Ivan Moura Campos

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 11 Research & Education Universities strive for qualitative and quantitative improvements: In support of research In support of teaching and learning how to accelerate the change in technologies and applications on the internet to support new demands for the research and education community? how can new technologies be incorporated into the existing Internet? (think back in when the Internet started…) Stanford -- the Internet protocols NSFNet -- the scaled-up Internet CERN -- the WWW protocols University of Illinois -- the Web browser

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 12 Attributes of Advanced Apps Provide qualitative and quantitative improvements in how we conduct research and engage in teaching and learning Common attributes: Remote instrumentation and interactive collaboration Distributed data storage and data mining Large-scale, multi-site computation Real-time access to remote resources Dynamic data visualization Shared virtual reality

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 13 Science and Engineering High Energy and Nuclear Physics (HENP) Generating multi-petabyte datasets, gigabytes per second per experiment Cascading data storage model, near-zero packet loss per data stream, distributed database for end-user data manipulation Each experiment requires input from hundreds of researchers around the world

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 14 What are Grids? Grids enable the new science Original motivation, and support, from high-end science and engineering Enable communities (“virtual organizations”) to share resources as they pursue common goals New applications enabled by the coordinated use of geographically distributed resources E.g., distributed collaboration, data access and analysis, distributed computing, instrumentation Persistent infrastructure for large scale computing problems Using distributed computing resources of schools, universities and research centers

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 15 The Grid Workstations Instruments Libraries Data sets People

and * H. Newman *

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 17 Access Grid Source: Argonne National Laboratory

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 18 Remote Instrumentation Instrumentation must be controllable without local intervention Individual sites will have multiple data sources streaming data that will interact with the remote instrument Data will be made available both in real time and via storage Failsafe mechanisms must be in place in addition to normal network performance tests

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 19 Advanced Networks: Latency, Loss and Jitter (network quality) are more important than pure bandwidth Provide wider access to limited resource Improves teaching and learning Create a dynamic resource Share equipment Dynamically analyze data with remote collaborators Enhance collaborative opportunities

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 20 Example: Astronomy Mauna Kea, Hawaii Cerro Pachon, Chile Data collection equipment is located in extreme environments Collaborators are spread across the globe Observers do not need to have physical contact with the equipment

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 21 Health Sciences 3D Brain Map Visualization of data: real-time MRI, previously stored data, etc. Computational information transferred to supercomputers and used to understand brain functions in real time Very large multi-dimensional, multi-modal, time-varying data sets Biomedical Informatics Research Network (BIRN) Extremely large data sets and repositories Dynamically generate 3D visualizations from medical records Generating 36Gbytes/day, so new models for search, retrieval and analysis will be necessary

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 22 Telepresence environment Real-time interactions with very high quality audio and MPEG-2 video as needed “meetings” connecting faculty and staff across the ocean

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 23 Arts and Humanities University of Oklahoma Master Classes High fidelity video and audio via MPEG2 Optimized latency, audio/video synchronization Connecting Oklahoma with the New World Symphony in Miami, Florida Dancing Beyond Boundaries Distance Collaborative Dance Performance at SC2001 Hybrid performance combining local and remote performances between Florida, Minnesota, Denver and Brazil Synchronizing choreography across the continent

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 24 Example: Language/Cultural Exchanges

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 25 Internet2 Mission Develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies for research and higher education, accelerating the creation of tomorrow’s internet. Enable new generation of applications Create leading edge R&E network capability: Supporting advanced service efforts (multicast, IPv6, QoS, Measurement, Security) Transfer technology and experience to the global production Internet ORGANIZATION

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 26 Internet2: Collaborative Partnership Organization: Not for profit (not commercial) Higher education leadership Abilities: Support applications developers and users Provide national-scope advanced networking capabilities for universities, research institutes Goals: Spread availability of new networking technology

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 27 Internet2 Focus Areas Applications Engineering Middleware Network Infrastructure Partnerships ORGANIZATION

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 28 Internet2 membership U.S. universities are eligible for membership Must commit to putting high-performance network infrastructure in place on campus and to other universities ~estimate $.5M/year expense Commit to supporting advanced apps and technology development Join Internet2 project with dues of $25,000/year Maintain commercial Internet connection Maintain connection to Internet2 backbone: Abilene ORGANIZATION

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 29 How Internet2 works Universities commit: Engineering lead: connect university to rest of Internet2 community, deploy new technologies Applications lead: support apps development on campus Middleware architect: work with I2MI to implement middleware infrastructure Working groups: Of expert/interested individuals within community Chaired by volunteer (sometimes by staff) Staff support

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 30 Internet2 Members 200 universities (yellow dots) 70 corporations 40 non-profits and gov’t labs

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 31 Relationship to Federal Govt. Separate but interdependent 1996: Federal Next Generation Internet Initiative NSF provides grant funding to universities for connections to high performance networks (over 100 funded) Early 1997: Internet2 founded U.S. Large Scale Networking Led by Federal government Focused on Federal agency needs Internet2 Led by higher education Focused on research and education needs

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 32 Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Applications Middleware Engineering Advanced Network Infrastructure Partnerships

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 33 Internet2 Network Backbone Abilene The name of Internet2’s network infrastructure Apr 1998: Project announced at White House Jan 1999: Production status for network 15+ GigaPOPs around the country NOC located at Indiana University ABILENE NETWORK

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 34 Typical Internet2 University Network Connection University Campus Regional Network 622 Mbps-2.4 Gbps Internet2 Backbones (2.4 Gbps) 155 Mbps – 2.4 Gbps Department 100 Mbps Lab or Classroom

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 35 Backbone Capacity Partners: Qwest, Cisco, Nortel, Indiana University, Juniper Sacramento Los Angeles Seattle Cleveland New York Atlanta Houston Denver Sunnyvale Los Angeles Washington, DC Chicago Kansas City Indianapolis OC 48 OC 12 ABILENE NETWORK -Today: OC48 (2.4gpbs) POS, multicast, IPv4 & IPv6, quality of service (DiffServ) - Key international exchange points facilitated by Internet2 membership and the U.S. scientific community

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August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 37 Future of Abilene Qwest has extended commitment for another 5 years – to October 2006 Upgrade of Abilene backbone to optical transport capability 4 times increase in core bandwidth, to 10 gigabits/second (OC 192) New wavelength capabilities IPv6 Native Sacra ment o Los Angele s

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 38 Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Applications Middleware Engineering Advanced Network Infrastructure Partnerships

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 39 Middleware Advanced Physical Network Infrastructure } Applications Advanced Network Services (Distributed Network Middleware) Authentication, Identification, Authorization, Directories, Security

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 40 Middleware

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 41 Internet2 Middleware Initiative Focus on core middleware as infrastructure Interoperability 190 universities will never buy the same software Getting stuff implemented Best practices Integrate across applications Discourage ‘islands’ of middleware infrastructure E.g. core mware just for this grid project Enable community to share resources Grid, remote instruments, shared classes

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 42 Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Applications Middleware Engineering Advanced Network Infrastructure Partnerships

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 43 Engineering Scalable IP Multicast IPv6 Quality of Service: QBone Network Security Measurement

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 44 Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Applications Middleware Engineering Advanced Network Infrastructure Partnerships

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 45 International Peering ABILENE NETWORK Sacrament o Los Angeles Washington STAR TAP/Star Light APAN/TransPAC, Ca*net3, CERN, CERnet, FASTnet, GEMnet, IUCC, KOREN/KREONET2, NORDUnet, RENATER, SURFnet, SingAREN, TAnet2 NYCM BELNET, CA*net3, HEANET, JANET, NORDUnet, GEANT* Pacific Wave AARNET, APAN/TransPAC, CA*net3, TANET2 SNVA GEMNET, SINET, SingAREN, WIDE LOSA UNINET AMPATH REUNA, RNP2 RETINA, ANSP OC3-OC12 El Paso (UACJ-UT El Paso) CUDI San Diego (CALREN2) CUDI * ARNES, CARNET, CESnet, DFN, GRNET, RESTENA, SWITCH, HUNGARNET, GARR-B, POL-34, RCCN, RedIRIS

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 46 Networks reachable via Abilene – by country Europe-Middle East Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Cyprus Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Asia-Pacific Australia China Hong Kong Japan Korea Singapore Taiwan Thailand Americas Argentina Brazil Canada Chile Mexico United States Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom *CERN Abilene provides transit to vBNS and non-US peers of Abilene More information about reachable networks at Also, see

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 47 Internet2 International Goals Ensure global interoperability of the next generation of Internet technologies and applications Enable global collaboration in research and education providing/promoting the development of an advanced networking environment internationally Build effective partnerships in other countries With organizations of similar goals/objectives and similar constituencies Mechanism: Memoranda of Understanding

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 48 Asia-Pacific AAIREP (Australia) APAN (Asia-Pacific) APAN-KR (Korea) APRU (Asia-Pacific) CERNET, CSTNET, NSFCNET (China) JAIRC (Japan) JUCC (Hong Kong) NECTEC / UNINET (Thailand) SingAREN (Singapore) TAnet2 (Taiwan) International MoU Partners Americas CANARIE (Canada) CRNET (Costa Rica) CUDI (Mexico) REUNA (Chile) RETINA (Argentina) RNP2/ANSP (Brazil) SENACYT (Panama) Europe-Middle East ARNES (Slovenia) BELNET (Belgium) CARNET (Croatia) CESnet (Czech Republic) DANTE (Europe) DFN-Verein (Germany) GIP RENATER (France) GRNET (Greece) HEAnet (Ireland) HUNGARNET (Hungary) INFN-GARR (Italy) Israel-IUCC (Israel) NORDUnet (Nordic Countries) POL-34 (Poland) RCST (Portugal) RedIRIS (Spain) RESTENA (Luxembourg) Stichting SURF (Netherlands) SWITCH (Switzerland) TERENA (Europe) JISC, UKERNA (United Kingdom)

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 49 Asia to US connectivity (June 2002) CountryNetworkBW(mbps)Interconnect APAN/USTransPAC622Tokyo to P. Wave (NSF funded)622Tokyo to Star Light AustraliaAARNET310Pacific Wave ChinaCERNET10?STAR TAP KoreaKOREN/KREONET245STAR TAP JapanSINET155Abilene, Sunnyvale JapanWIDE (ipv6 only)155Abilene, Sunnyvale JapanGEMNET33Ab/Sunny. – STAR TAP SingaporeSingAREN27STAR TAP, Sunnyv. TaiwanTANET2155Pacific Wave ThailandUNINET10?Abilene, LA

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 50 Europe to US connectivity (June 2002) CountryNetworkBW(mbps)Interconnect CERN coming Star Light/710 NLSD FranceRENATER45STAR TAP/AADS IrelandHEANET465NYC/STAR TAP NetherlandsSURFnet1244+Star Light Nordic Countries NORDUnet622?NYC/Star Light U.K.JANET2500?NYC RussiaFASTnet (nee MIRnet) (NSF funded) 155STAR TAP EuropeGEANT coming NYC

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 51 Americas Connectivity (June 2002) CountryNetworkBW(mbps)Interconnect CanadaCA*net3465+S.T., Pacific Wave, NYC MexicoRED-CUDI255Tijuana-San Diego (CALREN2), Juarez/El Paso ChileREUNA45AmPATH BrazilRNP245AmPATH ANSP45AmPATH ArgentinaRETINA245AmPATH Gemini/NOAO(funding from NSF)10SFGP Puerto Rico (Arecibo Observatory) To Abilene-U.S. (funding from NSF) 45SFGP

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 52 AmPATH Florida International University and Global Crossing led Potential to connect 10 countries at 45mbps each Peering through Miami (collocated with SFGP) Argentina, Chile, Brazil

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 53 Latin America CLARA: Consorcio Latino Americano de Redes Avanzadas

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 54 Global Terabit Research Network And coming up: Latin America (CLARA) Asia (APAN)

August 2002Internet 2 Overview- Buenos Aires, Argentina Slide 55 Contact Info / Q & A Ana Preston More Information Applications

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