EU Centre of Excellence in PV Materials and Devices PV-EST FW project ENK6-CT Enn Mellikov

Motivation of project Project defined its objectives as follows: capacity building of the laboratory via increasing its international attraction strengthening of position of laboratory as the leading centre of fundamental and applied research in PV materials realization of technology development potential of Tallinn team.

Tools to reach goals of projects Exchange of scientists R/D activities in laboratory Creating of up-to-date infrastructure for R/D activities

WHO WE ARE ! European Union Centre of Excellence in PV Materials and Devices National Centre of Excellence in Materials Science and Chemistry 2007 – Partner in virtual Nordic Centre of Excellence in PV Three times Estonian Scientific Award in Sciences for Research in the Field of Development of New PV Materials and Solar Cells (1985, 1998, 2005) Research staff 39 Junior researchers 18 PhD students15 PhD defended

WHO WE ARE, WHO WE ARE, research staff, intellectual capacity

WHO WE ARE, WHO WE ARE, exchange of scientists, Outward visits25 Inward visits16 International Summer School in PV Materials and Devices 2006, 52 participants, 11 countries

WHO WE ARE, equipment 90% of scientific and technological equipment newer than 5 years Unique equipment high resolution scanning electron microscope Zeiss Ultra 55 with EDS, WDX and EBIC systems, Raman spectrometer HORIBA JOBIN YVON S.A.S. electron gun evaporation system, Vacuumservice (Finland) magnetron sputtering system, AJA (USA) plasma treatment system, (Germany) impedance spectrometers, (USA, Germany)

WHO WE ARE, LABORATORY

WHO WE ARE, equipment Unique equipment, planned investments during years million EURO Inert gas cabinet with built-in vacuum evaporator planned 2007 XPSplanned 2007 XRD system for thin filmplanned 2007 Profilometerplanned ICP-MS with laser ablation systemplanned SEM sample preparation system planned 2007

WHO WE ARE, EUROPE ! FW project The European Polymer Solar Battery (ENK5-CT ) – EURO-PSB FW project Materials and Technologies for Photovoltaic Applications from Estonia (ENK6-CT ) – PV-EST FW project Co-ordination of NAS and European Union RTD Programmes on Photovoltaic Solar Energy (NNE ) FW project (SES6) European Collaboration for identification of PV research and market opportunities, socio-economic studies, performance assessment and dissemination of PV thermal technology “PV- Catapult” INTAS project Science and Technology of Copper-indium Chalcogenites and Organic Conductive Polymers Based PV Solar Cells INTAS project Optical and structural analysis of single crystals and thin films of CuIn3Se5, CuGa3Se5, CuIn4Se6, CuIn5Se8, CuGa5Se8 for photovoltaic applications FW 6 project “ Performance ”

WHO WE ARE, RESEARCH, thin film PV (CIS, CdTe, hybrid) Fundamental studies related to different PV materials Monograin powders with predicted microscopic structure and solar cells in monograin layer design Thin film and thin film solar cells by different chemical methods Composite materials and solar cells from ECP, CIS and A2B6 type compound semiconductor materials scientific papers published ICI 86 scientific papers accepted ICI 26 Reports, international conferences 55 conferences organised 6 PhD defences 7 Patents 7 Patent applications 23

Photoluminescence studies PL spectra of stoichiometric CuInTe2 at 11K PL spectrum of stoichiometric CuInSe2 at 11K

Wet chemical deposition of thin films and structured layers for solar cells Spray deposition Sol gel CBD SILAR Advantages: Low-cost Non-vacuum Un-limited areas Disadvantages: Process chemistry complicated Contamination from precursors, atmosphere Three-dimensional growth

Solar cell by spray technique 1  m Päikesekiirgus Klaas CuInS 2 CdS ZnO ITO Solar cell structures prepared by on-line deposition in air: Efficiencies : ~3 % Preparation time: < 1h Cost : very low

Monograin powder of CuInSe 2 The advantages of the developed powder materials are: 1. single-crystalline structure of every grain; 2. narrow granulometric composition ; 3. uniform molecularity, stoichiometry and distribution of doping impurities in material

Monograin layer

Advantages of MGL

Schematic drawing and photograph of Cu/CIS/PEDOT-PSS/Cr/Au structure

PV panels testing Center The first test facility (32 m 2 ) of PV panels in the Baltic states is installed on the roof of one building of TTU, EU FW6 project “Performance”.

PV panels testing Center II,

We have a dream: Estonia in the future

Thank you for attention