Social Studies Unit 3: “Big Business and Big Cities”

5th Grade Social Studies Standards SS5H3 The student will describe how life changed in America at the turn of the century. a. Describe the role of the cattle trails in the late 19th century; include the Black Cowboys of Texas, the Great Western Cattle Trail, and the Chisholm Trail. b. Describe the impact on American life of the Wright brothers (flight), George Washington Carver (science), Alexander Graham Bell (communication), and Thomas Edison (electricity). c. Explain how William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt expanded America’s role in the world; include the Spanish-American War and the building of the Panama Canal. d. Describe the reasons people emigrated to the United States, from where they emigrated, and where they settled. e. Describe the impact of westward expansion on Native Americans; include the Battle of the Little Bighorn and the relocation of Native Americans to reservations. SS5G2 The student will explain the reasons for the spatial patterns of economic activities. Explain how factor such as population, transportation, and resources influenced industrial location in the United States between the end of the Civil War and 1900. b. Locate primary agricultural and industrial locations since the turn of the 20th century and explain how factors such as population, transportation, and resources have influenced these areas.

SS5E3 The student will describe how consumers and businesses interact in the United States economy across time. e. Describe how trade promotes economic activity (such as how the Panama Canal increases trade between countries). SS5E1 The student will use the basic economic concepts of trade, opportunity cost, specialization, voluntary exchange, productivity, and price incentives to illustrate historical events. b. Explain how price incentives affect people’s behavior and choices (such as decisions to participate in cattle trails because of increased beef prices).

Lesson 1: The Rise of Big Business Vocabulary Corporation Competition Monopoly Labor union Strike Tenement Essential Questions: How did inventions impact American life in the late 1800s and early 1900s?

Alexander Graham Bell- a famous inventor! Alexander Graham Bell was fascinated by the deaf and wanted to learn more about hearing. He invented the “electrical speech machine” in 1876. It is what we call the telephone today. During the 1870s, Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. His telephone greatly improved communication by allowing people to talk to one another despite being separated by great distance.

Alexander Graham Bell

Thomas Edison- Another famous inventor during this time period Inventor who was interested in sound Discovered how to record spoken words Named his new invention the phonograph Also invented the motion picture camera Main invention- Invented the electric light bulb. The light bulb changed business and how people lived. Before Edison’s light bulb, people could only work in the daytime or by the light of oil lamps. Oil lamps did not provide very much light. After the invention of the light bulb, however, factories could stay open later.

NEWSFLASH! Edison came up with the idea of central power companies. These companies provided electricity to entire cities. Edison had his first company supplying most of New York City by 1882.

Thomas Edison He patented 1,093 inventions to include: the phonograph (record player) and the kinetoscope ( movie projector).

DISCUSS THIS WITH A NEIGHBOR! So…what’s the big idea? These inventions affected the way businesses operate. Some inventions kept machines running longer or made it possible for workers to do more work. During the last half of the 1800s, new inventions allowed business to change and grow. So…what did this do for the economy??? DISCUSS THIS WITH A NEIGHBOR!

Another Famous Inventor…George Washington Carver George Washington Carver was one of the first African Americans to make great contributions in science. While an instructor at the Tuskegee Institute, he developed his crop rotation method. Carver knew that southern farmers relied on cotton for most of their money.

George Washington Carver Carver also knew cotton used up many of the nutrients in the soil Without nutrients, what would happen? Carver taught growers to plant crops that enriched the soil every other year. In between cotton crops, farmers planted peanuts, peas, soybeans, sweet potatoes, and pecans. To make sure that the farmers could sell their products, Carver discovered new uses for the crops they grew. What’s the big idea? Carver discovered more than three hundred uses for peanuts!

George Washington Carver

Another Important Discovery…The Wright Brothers Two brothers, Wilber and Orville Wright, built the world’s first successful airplane. Orville piloted their first flight in 1903. It was short (only twelve seconds), but it marked the beginning of air travel. Just over a decade later, militaries in different countries used airplanes in World War I. Planes eventually made travel much easier and faster for everyday citizens. Wright=Flight

Wright Brothers

You will see this on the Milestones!!!

Let’s review! Partner Talk: Explain how price incentives affect people’s behavior and choices (such as decisions to participate in cattle trails because of increased beef prices).

b. Explain how price incentives affect people’s behavior and choices (such as decisions to participate in cattle trails because of increased beef prices).

Lesson 2: Immigration in America Vocabulary persecution Ethnic group tenement Essential Question: Why did people emigrate to the United States, from where did they come and where did they settle? Take 2 minutes to jot down reasons (on a sticky note) why you think immigrants came to the United States. Be prepared to share. 

IMMIGRATION In the late 1800s, many in Europe and Asia were looking for a better life. They often faced poverty, disease, starvation, persecution, and the effects of wars in their homelands. America was a land of opportunity! Between 1870 and 1900, more than 12 million immigrants (people who moved to the U.S. from a foreign land) arrived in the US. People came from many places. They brought with them “strange” languages, unfamiliar religions, and different customs. Many Jews made their way to the US to escape persecution. Most immigrants settled in large cities like New York. WHY??? Discuss this in your groups.

Reasons for Immigration

The Immigrant Experience

Asian Immigrants Chinese immigrants came to United States after the California gold rush in 1849. Faced prejudice from some Americans. Had to pay a special tax. Some were beaten and even killed. When gold mines dried up, looked for other work. Worked for low wages on the railroad so they could stay in the United States.

Stopping the Chinese Many Americans wanted to stop other Chinese from coming to America. Wanted the others to go back to China. Americans were worried the immigrants would take away their jobs.

Unfair Laws Chinese had to pay higher taxes. Could not work for the states. Not allow to sue in state courts. Congress passed a law stopping all immigration by Chinese people.

Turn and Talk! With a partner, discuss some of the problems that Asian immigrants faced when emigrating to America.

Japanese and other Asians Still allowed to move to the U.S. They arrived at an immigration station in San Francisco Bay, CA at Angel Island. Found jobs in agriculture (farming) Some bought small farms in California and the southwest. Later, they too, were mistreated. U.S. convinced Japan to stop Japanese from leaving Japan

Mexican Immigrants Lived mostly in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and southern California Few spoke English Barrios, or neighborhoods, of Mexicans helped Mexican immigrants feel at home. They helped each other find jobs picking lettuce, tomatoes, and grapes.

Mexicans Mistreated Like other immigrants, they were treated unfairly. Some were beaten and killed.

European Immigrants LARGEST GROUP of immigrants. Nearly 16 million came between 1890 and 1920 Britain, Ireland, Germany, Norway, and Sweden Italy, Greece, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Armenia, and Russia

Same Prejudice… Like other immigrants, Europeans were sometimes treated badly. Sometimes even other immigrants who were already here were unkind to them because they didn’t want them to get their jobs.

Let’s Review… Why did immigrants come to America? Discuss the 2 immigration stations that we have learned about. Talk in your groups.

Immigration

Angel Island Photo Gallery ***Where did the immigrants settle? Tell your neighbor where they settled. Ellis Island Photo Gallery

Ellis Island Source: http://newyorktours.onboardtours.com/attractions/ellis-island/

Naturalization Immigrants could become citizens through a process called naturalization. Process for naturalization Had to live in U.S. for five years Had to pass a test about the government and history of the United States. Had to answer in English. Had to take an oath of allegiance, or loyalty to U.S. Can you make a connection here to a previous planner???

So, where did they settle now that they were in America?

Why did people want immigration stopped? ***PARTNERS*** Discuss 2 effects resulting from employers hiring immigrants.

Ethnic Neighborhoods What do you notice about the map?

Tenement Lifestyle

***With a partner, discuss the big idea of what we have learned so far about immigrants moving to America.

Let’s Summarize! America is often described as a “melting pot” of different cultures melting into one. Some researchers think America has really become more of a “salad bowl” of different cultures, where they haven’t melted together, but rather stand side by side, like the ingredients in a salad, with the benefits and problems that appear among the different nationalities and races. What do you think? Get out your Week 12 newspaper. With a partner, read “Immigrants Flock to America.” ***Discuss the difference between a “melting pot” and a “salad bowl” of different cultures.***

Lesson 3: Growing Cities Vocabulary stockyard skyscraper rapid transit slum settlement house Essential Question: How did factors such as population, transportation, and resources influence industrial location in the United States between the end of the Civil War and 1900?

? Sticky Notes: Fill in the blank in the cause and effect map below. ***Tell your neighbor about some new machines that may have increased productivity. New machines were invented. ?

Why do you think many people moved to the north and northeastern cities? Look at the map, and discuss this with a neighbor.

So…how did factors such as population, transportation, and resources influence industrial location in the United States between the end of the Civil War and 1900?

Lesson 4: America’s Expanding Role in the World 1867-1914 http://aridathoughts.wikispaces.com/Becker+Collin

The Country Grows

William McKinley In 1897, William McKinley became the president of the US. He entered office at a time when many US citizens wanted the nation to expand. The West was conquered. Now citizens and leaders wanted the US to conquer foreign territories, too! Discuss with a neighbor why you think they wanted to take other territories as well.

Some felt it was important to keep the nation strong. Others felt that the US should civilize the rest of the world. Many favored expansion because they believed it would produce wealth. They wanted the resources of foreign territories and hoped to open up foreign markets in Asia and South America.

New Territories The United States wanted to show they were a powerful country so… In 1912, Congress bought Alaska from Russia, and Alaska became the 49th state. In 1959, Hawaii became the 50th state.

The Spanish-American War The United States did show the world it was becoming more powerful when it added Alaska and Hawaii. Some American leaders wanted to build an empire with colonies in other parts of the world. When nations build empires by adding colonies, it is called imperialism. A conflict with Spain would add new territories to the United States.

The Spanish-American War In 1895, the Spanish colony of Cuba revolted against Spain because they wanted their independence. American newspapers wrote stories about how Spain treated Cubans cruelly during the revolt. These stories were yellow journalism, a kind of writing that exaggerates news to shock and attract readers.

The Spanish-American War Continued… In 1898, the U.S. Navy ship Maine exploded in a Cuban harbor. They claimed that it was the duty of the US to defend the Cuban people. However, in reality, many of these leaders and businessmen wanted Cuba’s resources and markets more than they cared about Cuban citizens.

The Spanish-American War Continued… So…when the US ship, USS Maine, mysteriously exploded in a Cuban harbor… Americans blamed Spain, and Congress declared war on Spain. In August of 1898, Spain surrendered and agreed to give Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam to the United States. These countries became territories of the U. S. Cuba became independent.

FUN FACT! Historians (people who study history for a living) later declared that the explosion was probably an accident. The Spanish-American War began in 1898.

` The Spanish American War

Theodore Roosevelt One of the leaders favoring the war with Spain was Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Theodore Roosevelt (Teddy Roosevelt). Roosevelt believed strongly in expansion. He also thought that a war with Spain would be good for the country. When the fighting started, he resigned from his position in Washington, DC, and became the commander of a unit fighting in Cuba known as the Rough Riders.

Teddy Roosevelt Continued… The Rough Riders charged up San Juan Hill in Cube and became famous and helped make Roosevelt a hero. In 1901, he became Vice President of the US. A few months later, he became the president after an assassin shot and killed President William McKinley.

Theodore Roosevelt

Partner Talk! Summarize the Spanish-American War. Discuss the causes and effects of the war.

The Panama Canal What do you notice about the two routes?

The Panama Canal In order to protect US interests, President Roosevelt wanted to build a canal (man-made waterway) across a portion of Panama. What do you think those US interests were? The canal would allow ships to travel back and forth between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans without having to sail around South America. But…Colombia ruled Panama and would not lease him the land to built the canal.

The Panama Canal Continued… In 1903, however, the Panamanian people revolted. What does this mean? So…in exchange for Roosevelt’s support in Panama’s revolt against Columbia, the Panamanians leased the US the necessary territory once Panama won its independence. The Panama Canal officially opened in 1914.

How does it work?

One more look at the Panama Canal…

So, how does the Panama Canal increase trade between countries, and how does this, in turn, promote economic activity? Discuss in your groups.

Partner Talk! Discuss the causes and effects in the construction of the Panama Canal.

Panama Canal