The Gamification of Accessibility Greg Kraus University IT Accessibility Coordinator NC State University

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Gamification Gamification [n]: the use of game design elements in non-game contexts

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Accessibility is Not a Game It’s a human right It’s should just be part of their job People might get addicted to the game

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan We’re Not Talking About Wheelchairs with Lasers

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan I Never Set Out To Make A Game Guiding Principles – It takes practice to become an accessible Web developer – I am competing in a marketplace for people's attention

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Aristotle “If you want to become a major league baseball player, you cannot simply wake up one day and declare your self a baseball player, capable of hitting a curve ball. You must become habituated in the ways of being a baseball player through a lifetime of practice.”

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan How to Learn To Be a Major League Baseball Player 1.Start easy 2.Gradually build skill over time 3.Learn to see patterns and know how to react 4.Reactions become intuitive and natural 5.Practice

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Competing in a Marketplace of Demands Prioritizations – “Keeping the lights on” Production services to run and maintain – Security and Compliance This impacts everyone, not just “those people” As important as you think you are, you’re not seen that way by campus

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Gaming Principles A good game… – Lets everyone play, regardless of skill level – Lets you improve skills over time – Gives you instant feedback

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Make a Game Everyone Can Play

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Accessibility is Not Fun But… – Solving a problem is fun – Seeing how you have improved and grown is fun – Admit it … winning is fun

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan This is What WCAG 2 Looks Like

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan This is What They Want

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Make a Game Everyone Can Play

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Mario Didn’t Save the Princess in World 1-1

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Prioritization 4 = fatal error, user cannot interact at all with the element 3 = significant error, user can only partially recover or it causes a significant hardship 2 = significant error, but user can usually mostly, if not fully recover 1 = minor annoyance 0 = usually can ignore

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Level 4 Missing alternative text Unlabeled form element No keyboard event for an equivalent mouse event

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Level 3 A form control has more than one label Page auto refreshes No skip to main content link

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Level 2 Spacer image does not have an alt attribute Pages have unique titles and don’t say “Untitled Document”

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Level 1 Invalid code Heading levels are skipped No titles for frames

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Level 0 Using absolute font sizes No alternative content for iframes

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Demonstrate System scan/ scan/

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan When Do People Use The System? Available 24/7 year round Contests – NC State 2013 World Usability Day Website Challenge (October-November) – NC State Global Accessibility Awareness Day Website Challenge (April-May)

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan The Sales Pitch “You have 28,000 accessibility errors across 8000 pages. Your site ranks 371 out of 385. You are in the bottom 10% of all categories. Can you fix these in the next 2 weeks? Oh, and you’ve had these problems for the past 2 years.”

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan The Results Corrected 27,500 errors 40 out of 385 Top 5% in all categories “I’m co-opting your employees for my own agenda”

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Weighted Errors Corrected

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Weighted Errors Corrected With Contests

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan What We’ve Done So Far 413 Sites 110,000 Pages 1,050,000 Weighted Accessibility Errors Corrected

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Number of Sites

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Being a Good Gamemaster You can always make your game better – More frequent scanning – Historical rankings – Graphical and contextual view (WAVE)

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Tools and Resources Developed Web Accessibility Handbook – go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-handbook Readability Bookmarklet – go.ncsu.edu/readability Color Contrast Analyzer for Chrome – go.ncsu.edu/color-contrast-chrome

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Behind the Scenes SortSite Runs on old Win 7 box Scripted through desktop scripting app Checks for new requests every 20 seconds SortSite Runs on old Win 7 box Scripted through desktop scripting app Checks for new requests every 20 seconds WAVE Runs on extra Macmini with MAMP WAVE Runs on extra Macmini with MAMP Server cPanel (Apache and MySQL) Data storage Assign site ownership Server cPanel (Apache and MySQL) Data storage Assign site ownership Google Drive Spreadsheet lists all sites to be scanned Google Drive Spreadsheet lists all sites to be scanned User Interface PHP/MySQL User Interface PHP/MySQL 1 1/2 3 4

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Key Elements That Make This Work Anonymity, to a degree Doing part of the work for them – Setting up the scanner? – Doing the scan for them? Giving guidance on what is important Giving immediate feedback on how to fix it

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan The Limits of Gaming Automated scans only get you so far – Cannot test for everything

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Automated Tests are Only So Good alt="N.C. Sen. Daniel Blue Jr. (left) and N.C. Speaker of the House Thom Tillis were among those paying tribute to former N.C. Speaker of the House Harold Brubaker (center)." The ALT text of this image mentions a color, which isn't useful for blind users.

@gdkrausgo.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan Future Developments Receive bonus points for performing manual checks Get points for both – Testing if the onscreen focus is always visible – Fixing the onscreen focus problem if it exists Artificial intelligence techniques – Determine if you have an appropriate number of headings