CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Human Relations “The rules for work are changing, and we’re all being judged, whether we know it or not, by a new yardstick—not just how smart we are and what technical skills we have, which employers see as givens, but increasingly by how well we handle ourselves and one another.” -Daniel Goleman, Author, Working With Emotional Intelligence © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

The Nature, Purpose, & Importance of Human Relations How would you describe the study of human relations? Human Relations Defined: The study of why beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors can cause problems in personal and professional relationships © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Human Relations in the Age of Information Increased reliance on information technology often comes at a price - less personal human contact Over-emphasis on information causes us to lose sight of nonverbal cues and clues How do these tendencies affect our abilities to interact and relate with others? © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Major Trends Giving New Importance to Human Relations Trend: Instability of the labor market due to mergers, closings, bankruptcies, downsizing, and outsourcing Trend: “Free Agent Nation” of self-employed, temporary, and part-time workers creates opportunities and challenges How do these trends affect human relations? © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Major Trends Giving New Importance to Human Relations Trend: Increasing focus on customer service to clients, patients, and customers Trend: Growing epidemic of workplace rudeness, insensitivity, and disrespect How do these trends affect human relations? © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Major Trends Giving New Importance to Human Relations Trend: Increasing use of team organization and worker participation in problem-solving Trend: Increasing work force diversity in many dimensions, such as ethnicity, age, physicality, values, expectations, and work habits How do these trends affect human relations? © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Human Relations Challenge: Managing Three Relationships © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

The Influence of Behavioral Sciences Psychology Individual Sociology Anthropology Human Relations not only studies the “whys” of behaviors, but also how that knowledge can be applied in practical ways. Group dynamic © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

The “Total Person” WORK LIFE PERSONAL LIFE Emotional Control Self-Awareness Physical Fitness Self-Esteem Creativity Values PERSONAL LIFE © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Need for a Supportive Environment A supportive environment can lead to: Greater personal career satisfaction Greater employee commitment Increased organizational productivity and efficiency Requires full commitment and support of management © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Major Forces Influencing Worker Behavior Reflect on the organizational culture of your school or work place. How does the culture influence the behavior of the students and faculty or workers? © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Major Forces Influencing Worker Behavior Supervisors/Management influence: Productivity Customer relations Safety Loyalty to the organization Group membership functions by: Satisfying social needs Providing emotional support Lending help in solving problems and reaching goals © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Major Forces Influencing Worker Behavior What kind of job motivates you to work up to your potential, and with zest? What drains you? © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Major Forces Influencing Worker Behavior Family influences: Increase in dual-income families Problems on the job, such as tardiness, often linked to family issues Personal characteristics: Behavior often reflects a match between environment and individual’s characteristics © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

The Development of the Human Relations Movement Early attempts to improve productivity: Focused on plant layout & mechanical process Concern for things Later attempts to improve productivity: Focus on nature of work & workers as complex humans Concern for people © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Human Relations Movement The Impact of The Industrial Revolution Shift from home-based craftwork to factory production had profound impact on nature of work and workers’ role Little understanding of employee needs and relation to production Increased output, but processes still lacking in efficiency and uniformity…until… © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Human Relations Movement Taylor’s Scientific Management Frederick Taylor redesigned jobs to increase efficiency Productivity increased but required little thinking by worker © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Human Relations Movement Mayo’s Hawthorne Studies Original Intentions: To study effects of illumination and ventilation on worker fatigue Fortuitous Discoveries: Workers increased performance when they felt important and had greater freedom from supervisory control Interaction among workers created an “informal organization” © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Human Relations Movement From the Great Depression to New Millennium During Great Depression Interest in human relations research waned as other concerns gained momentum During postwar economic expansion Interest in human relations field increased Important theories emerge (McGregor, Maslow, Herzberg, et. al.) © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Themes concern two goals: 1) Personal growth and development 2) Achievement of organizational objectives © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.