8. 1(C) Explain the significance of the following dates: 8.1(C)  Explain the significance of the following dates: 1607 – founding of Jamestown 1619 – founding of House of Burgesses 1620 – Pilgrims arrive and create Mayflower Compact 1776 – adoption of the Declaration of Independence 1787 – writing of the U.S. Constitution 1803 - Louisiana Purchase 1861-65 – Civil War

TEK 8.1C Independence 1st Constitution 2nd What happened in 1776? the Declaration of Independence was written and approved What is the significance of the passage of the Declaration of Independence? it was the beginning of the revolution and the beginning of a new country What happened in 1787? the Constitutional Convention met and wrote the Constitution What is the significance of the passage of the Constitution? it created a government controlled by the people that has lasted over 200 yrs.

8.4(D)  Analyze the issues of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, including the Great Compromise and the Three-fifths Compromise.

TEK 8.4D Explain the Virginia Plan. * bicameral legislature (two houses) * both based on population * chief executive chosen by the legislature * a federal court system * popular with the big states Explain the New Jersey Plan. * a one-house legislature, with one vote per state (basically staying the same) * Congress could tax and regulate trade * a weak executive branch would be established with a council running it. * popular with small states

TEK 8.4D (cont.) TEK 8.4C 3. Explain the Great Compromise. * legislature based on Virginia Plan * bicameral legislature * Lower House, House of Representatives, based on population * Upper House, Senate, all states get two representatives * all laws must be approved by both houses 4. Explain the 3/5’s Compromise. 3/5’s of the slave population would count toward the number of representatives in the House of Representative

8.4(E) Analyze the arguments for and against ratification.

TEK 8.4E Federalist Anti-Federalist What is the biggest arguments over ratification of the Constitution? who should have more power, the states or the federal government? should it have a bill of rights or not? Federalist Anti-Federalist

8.5(A)  Describe major domestic problems faced by the leaders of the new republic such as: - maintaining national security - building a military - creating a stable economic system - setting up the court system and - defining the authority of the central government.

Effect on Articles of Confederation TEK 8.5A After the colonies declared independence, they had to create a new government. What were some of the major issues our new country faced, and how did they effect the Articles of Confederation? Concerns Effect on Articles of Confederation How do we pay for the war? How do we avoid another King George? To avoid a strong central government, they decided that only the states could tax the people; therefore the states would have to pay for the war. They decided to create a Confederation. A Confederation is when the states have most of the power and the federal government is very weak. The Articles of Confederation did not even allow for there to be any type of executive leader at the Federal level. No Executive Leader! By 1787, what were some of the issues the new country was facing that led to a desire to restructure the federal government? - states fighting amongst themselves - no central leader to resolve the issues with new Spain over using the Mississippi River - debts from the war were not being paid - Shay’s rebellion… what if another country attacked?

8.6(A) Explain how the Northwest Ordinance established principles and procedures for orderly expansion of the United States.

TEK 8.6A What was one good thing that came out of the Articles of Confederation? the Northwest Ordinance What did the Northwest Ordinance do? * it created a plan for settling the lands west of the Appalachian Mountains and * it established the steps for territories to apply for statehood Where is the Northwest Territory? all land: - west of the Appalachian Mountains - north of the Ohio River - east of the Mississippi River - south of the Great Lakes

8.15(A) Identify the influence of ideas from historic documents, including: - the Magna Carta - the English Bill of Rights - the Mayflower Compact - the Federalist Papers - and selected Anti-Federalist writings on the U.S. system of government.

TEK 8.15A What document was created in England in 1215 to put more restrictions on the kings power? the Magna Carta In the U.S, the president’s powers are also limited by the supreme law of the land. What is the supreme law of the land in the U.S.? the U.S. Constitution

8.15(B) Summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

TEK 8.15B Weak federal government Northwest Ordinance 1. Summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. Weaknesses Strengths Weak federal government No central leader Not able to tax No federal Courts Northwest Ordinance (plan for territories to become states)

8.15(C) Identify colonial grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence and explain how those grievances were addressed in the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights.

Grievances in the Declaration of Independence TEK 8.15C Grievances in the Declaration of Independence How addressed in the Constitution Taxation w/o representation Denial of trial by jury Soldiers staying in peoples homes King controlling judges salaries Judges salaries guaranteed Only elected officials in Congress can levy taxes 3th Amendment 7th Amendment

8.15(D) Analyze how the U.S. Constitution reflects the principles of: - limited government - republicanism - separation of powers - checks and balances - federalism - and individual right.

1787 TEK 8.15D 1. What are the 1st three words of the Constitution?. We the People What principle is expressed by the first three words of the Constitution? popular sovereignty What does popular sovereignty mean? - it means the people hold the supreme power in the government and - the government can only act with the consent of the governed What was the name of the convention that met in Philadelphia to write the Constitution? the Constitutional Convention When did they meet? In 1787 6. Define federalism. (look at 10th amendment p. 221) the sharing of powers between the U.S. and the states Define republicanism. a government run by elected representatives of the people 1787

TEK 8.15D (cont.) 8. Define separation of powers. the U.S. government is divided into 3 branches: - the Legislative Branch makes the laws - the Executive Branch enforces the laws - the Judicial Branch interprets the laws Define checks and balances. each of the braches above has powers over the other 2 to keep any one branch from abusing its’ power Give an example of checks and balances. 1. The Legislative Branch passes a proposed law, but the president (Executive Branch)must approve it or veto it before it can become law. 2. If the president (Executive Branch) vetoes the proposed law, the Legislative Branch can override his veto and pass it anyway with a 2/3’s vote. 3. If both the Legislative and Executive Branches passes a law, the Judicial Branch can declare the law unconstitutional and throw it out.

TEK 8.15D 11. How does the Constitution check the presidents power to make treaties with other countries? all treaties must be approved by the Senate

8.16(A) Summarize the purposes for and process of amending the Constitution.

+ = Amendment TEK 8.16A 2/3’s 3/4’s Which article in the Constitution allows changes or additions to be made to the Constitution through an amendment process? Article V Why did the founding fathers feel it necessary to include an amendment process? so the Constitution can reflect changes that occur in our society through time What is the process of passing an amendment? 1st it must be proposed in Congress 2nd it must be approved by 2/3’s of Congress 3rd it must be approved by 3/4’s of the States + = Amendment 2/3’s 3/4’s

8.17(A) Analyze the arguments of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists, including Alexander Hamilton, Patrick Henry, James Madison, and George Mason

TEK 8.17A What do we call the Americans who wanted a stronger federal government and feared a bill of rights would in the long run limit our rights? the Federalists 2. What did the Anti-Federalists believe? states should be stronger than the federal government the Constitution must have a bill of rights What famous American was upset about the writing of the Constitution? Patrick Henry – he believed the Constitutional Convention was only meant to fix the Articles of Confederation; he feared a strong federal government would take away people’s rights. What was the Anti-Federalists’ biggest concern about the Constitution? They believed that without a bill of rights, the Constitution did not protect individual freedoms.

8.19(A) Define and give examples of unalienable rights.

TEK 8.19A Define unalienable rights. rights that everyone is born with and can not be taken away without due process of law

8.19(B) Summarize rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.

TEK 8.19B Which amendments make up the Bill of Rights? the 1st ten amendments 2. What rights are protected by the Bill of Rights? (review memory devices) 3. What does due process mean? procedures put in place to protect the accused (innocent until proven guilty) 4. Which amendments are known as the due process amendments? the 4th Amendment – no “unreasonable search or seizures” the 5th Amendment – right to remain silent, right to an attorney the 6th Amendment - right to a speedy trial the 7th Amendment – right to a trial by jury the 8th Amendment – no cruel or unusual punishment

8. 19(D) Identify examples of responsible citizenship, including: 8.19(D) Identify examples of responsible citizenship, including: - obeying rules and laws - staying informed on public issues - voting and - serving on juries

TEK 8.19D Identify examples of responsible citizenship. - obeying rules and laws - staying informed on public issues - voting and - serving on juries

8. 20(A) Explain the role of significant individuals such as: 8.20(A) Explain the role of significant individuals such as: - Thomas Hooker - Montesquieu - John Locke - William Blackstone and - William Penn in the development of self-government in colonial America.

TEK 8.20A Which English philosopher influenced the founding fathers with his idea of unalienable rights? John Locke Which French philosopher influenced the founding fathers with his idea of separate but equal. Charles Montesquieu

8.21(B) Describe the importance of free speech and press in a constitutional republic.

TEK 8.21B Why did the Founding Fathers feel it was so important to protect freedom of the press when they created the Bill of Rights? they felt if the people were to maintain control of the government, they had to be kept informed of what is going on in the government

8.25(C) Analyze the impact of the 1st Amendment guarantees of religious freedom on the America way of life.

TEK 8.25A Several different churches within a few blocks of each other is a great example of how which amendment has affected our lives? The First Amendment guarantees our personal freedoms including freedom of religion You choose!!!