Sci5#59 Review Unit 5 and Unit 7 and End of Course Assessment of Unit 5 and Unit 7

In this unit we learned that some living things are unicellular and some are multicellular.

An amoeba is a unicellular organism. This one and only cell can perform all the life functions.

The amoeba can carry out eating, digestion, locomotion, breathing and removal of waste all in one single cell.

Multicellular organisms are organisms that consist of more than one cell and have differentiated cells that perform specialized functions in the organism.

Many organisms, including humans, are multicellular.

We learned that all unicellular organisms must be small, so the organism’s surface area is greater than or equal to the organism’s volume. This allows the organism to ventilate.

In complex multicellular organisms, only the surface cells that are in contact with the external environment are able to exchange substances with it.

We learned that cells within a multicellular organism, such as an elephant, can not ventilate. They are too far away from the surface to get oxygen or release carbon dioxide.

We learned that larger multicellular organisms need transport systems to meet the needs of all cells in the body.

Multicellular organisms have division of labor which means cells specialize in certain functions. Cells do not do all the functions of the body. They only do a certain function.

All unicellular organisms must be small. Larger organisms must be multicellular so the organism can survive.

We learned that the circulatory system is a system that helps blood to transport nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to nourish them and help them to survive. systemblood oxygencarbon dioxide bloodcells

We learned the circulatory system is composed of the heart and blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries.

We learned that the respiratory system allows much needed oxygen in the air to be taken into the body, while also enabling the body to get rid of carbon dioxide from the body into the air the body breathes out. lungs

Respiration is when the body exchanges the oxygen it takes in for the carbon dioxide it needs to get rid of.

All of this breathing couldn't happen without the respiratory system, which includes the nose, throat, voice box, windpipe, and lungs.

These two systems work well together. The respiratory system brings the air into the body and releases carbon dioxide from the body.

And the circulatory system transports the oxygen to the cells and the carbon dioxide to the lungs to be released.

A Skeletal system is made up of the bones of the body.

Every single person has a skeleton made up of many bones. These bones give your body structure, let you move in many ways, protect your internal organs, and more.

A Muscular System is made up of the muscles of the body.

Muscles do everything from pumping blood throughout your body to helping you lift your heavy backpack.

Muscles are all made of the same material, a type of elastic tissue (sort of like the material in a rubber band). Thousands, or even tens of thousands, of small fibers make up each muscle.

The skeletal system and the muscular system work together.

Together, the skeletal muscles work with your bones to give your body power and strength. In most cases, a skeletal muscle is attached to one end of a bone. It stretches all the way across a joint (the place where two bones meet) and then attaches again to another bone

Skeletal muscles are held to the bones with the help of tendons. Tendons are cords made of tough tissue, and they work as special connector pieces between bone and muscle.

The digestive system is responsible for taking the food we eat and breaking it down to parts that can be used by the cells of the body.

The digestive system includes the mouth, esophagus, liver, stomach, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestines, large intestines and the rectum.

The nervous system is in charge of sending out messages throughout the body. The nervous system is comprised of two parts.

The central nervous system is comprised of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system consists of many nerves spread across the body.

The brain is the boss of the body. The brain is the most complicated organ of our body. It has three major parts. The cerebrum, the brain stem and the cerebellum.

It's the spinal cord and nerv es — known as the nervous system — that let messages flow back and forth between the brain and body.

Some of the nerves receive information and some carry information from the brain to the body.

Genes are units inside a cell that control how living organisms inherit features from their ancestors; for example, children usually look like their parents because they have inherited their parents' genes.

Genes determine whether or not you possess certain physical traits.

Organisms tend to have traits similar to their parents through genetics.

Some traits are part of an organism's physical appearance; such as a person's eye-color, height or weight.

Other sorts of traits are not easily seen and include blood types or resistance to diseases.

These traits can be quite varied from individual to individual within a population.

The life processes and species characteristics that define a population will be transmitted from parent to offspring.

A population of organisms evolves when an inherited trait becomes more common or less common over time.

Some traits give an organism advantage in survival and reproduction.

Inherited traits are those passed down by your parents and are found in your genes.

Inherited traits include things like a big nose, little feet and hair color.

Acquired traits are not passed down through genes. They are traits that are “acquired” since birth.

Scars, pierced ears, length of hair and loss of limbs are all examples of acquired traits.

Riding a bike is an acquired trait because you are not born knowing how to ride a bike. You must learn how to do it.

We have alleles from our parents for all our inherited traits. We inherit alleles for height, body shape, freckles, hair and eye color and many more things.

Some of the alleles you receive from your parents are dominant alleles. Dominant alleles will always be present in the offspring.

Some of the alleles you receive from your parents will be recessive alleles. A recessive trait will only be present if you inherit a recessive allele from both your mother and a your father.

You may notice that in families not all siblings look alike. This is because each sibling is a different combination of the genetic alleles inherited from their parents.

Today you are going to take a test on the information you learned in Unit 5: Introduction of Living Organisms and Unit 7: Introduction to Evolution and Genetics.

I will read through all the questions for you. After I finish reading through the questions take your time and go through and answer all the questions.

1. Match the definitions of cellular organisms. A. multicellular organisms B. unicellular organisms ________ Organisms which perform all life processes within a single cell. _________ Organisms which have differentiated cells that perform specialized functions

Circle the correct answers 2.Human organisms are: A. multicellular organisms B. unicellular organisms

3.In complex multicellular organisms which cells are able to exchange substances? A. only the surface cells B. only cells within the organism

4.Match the correct definition with the correct system of the body. a. Circulatory System b. Digestive System c. Respiratory System d. Nervous System e. Skeletal System f. Muscular System Place the letter of the correct system next to the clue on the next slide.

CLUES: ____1. System made up of organs and tissues that help you breathe. ____2. System that transports messages back and forth to the body. ____3. System made up of the bones ____4. System that transports materials throughout the entire body. ____5. System made up of the organs used to help us digest our food. ____6. System made up of muscles.

5.Why did multicellular organisms develop transport systems? a)because surface cells that are in contact with the external environment are able to exchange substances with it. b)because cells within the organism are too far away from the environment for direct exchange.

6. Each system of the body performs a special life process function and that the systems work together to maintain health and fitness. True False

7.What is transmitted from parent to offspring? A.life processes and species characteristics B. life skills and learned survival techniques

8. Characteristics cover a broad range of structures, functions and behaviors that can vary substantially from individual to individual. True False

9. Match the traits. A. inherited traits B. Acquired traits __________ear piercings __________riding a bike __________freckles __________widow’s peak

10.What must take place for an offspring to inherit a recessive gene? A. The offspring must carry a recessive allele from the mother but does not have to carry one from the father. B. The offspring must have the correct amount of protein built up in their body. C. The offspring must carry a recessive allele from both its mother and father for the gene

In our next lesson we will review Unit 6: Ecosystems and complete an assessment for both units.

Good Job Today! And remember to….

See you next time!