The Nervous System Maggie Switzer Rachel Jordan Block 2

Why is it important? It is the controlling and communicating system of the body. Every thought, action, and emotion reflects its activity.

Components of the Nervous System The peripheral nervous system is also part of the main nervous system. It consist of sensory receptors. The central nervous system is one main part of the nervous system. It consist of the brain and the spinal cord.

-CNS stands for Central Nervous System -PNS stands for Peripheral nervous system -SNS stands for Somatic Nervous System -ANS stands for Autonomic Nervous System -Sympathetic is the “S” in sympathetic nervous system -Parasympathetic is the “P” in parasympathetic nervous system

CNS -Central Nervous System is the part that is enclosed by the system of membranes, which can also be called meninges. -The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord. -The CNS also serves as the collection point of nerve impulses.

PNS -The Peripheral Nervous System is of the outside the central nervous system (CNS) -The main function of the PNS is to connect the CNS to limbs and organs. -The PNS is divided in to two additional systems: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.

SNS -The SNS is part of the PNS -It stands for Somatic nervous system -The SNS is associated with the voluntary control of the the body’s movements -It also helps keep the body in touch with its surroundings (the senses) -All the neurons connected with the muscles, skin, and sense organs are included in this system.

ANS -The ANS, or Autonomic Nervous System acts like a control system for the body. -It helps maintain a stable, constant condition for the body, or otherwise known as a homeostasis condition. -The ANS affects heart rate, digestion, respiration rate, salivation, perspiration, diameter of the pupils, urination, and sexual arousal. -This is all normally done without conscious control -It controls functions of involuntary smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands.

Parasympathetic The PNS does the opposite physiological effects the sympathetic nervous system does. It tends to stimulate digestive secretions, slow the heart, constrict the pupils, and dilate blood vessels. Sympathetic The SNS does the opposite physiological effects the parasympathetic nervous system does. It tends to reduce digestive secretions, speed up the heart, and contract blood vessels.

Diseases and Disorders Huntington Disease It’s inherited Most people start to fidget but over time it becomes jerky. It progresses over a year time period. Locked-In Syndrome Caused due to stroke, tumor, or trauma to the ventral part. Lesions render them quadriplegic, making them unable to speak and incapable of facial movements.

Diseases and Disorders Multiple Sclerosis Most common disease afflicting humans. Lesions occur in all parts of the central nervous system, which is a matter appearing gray and translucent. Wallenberg Syndrome Characterized by difficulty in swallowing and hoarseness due to paralysis of the vocal cord. In some cases taste may also be affected to half of the tongue, loss in pain, and temperature sensation.

Wilson Disease -This is caused by the inheritance of a mutation on chromosome 13, which prevents the body from eliminating excess copper. - With too much copper in the system it can lead to damage in the liver.

Drugs Some Possible Effects -reduced coordination -reduced blood pressure -disruption in attention -sleepiness -hallucinations -delusions -impaired memory -disorientation -faster respiration -constricted arteries - Marijuana -acts on "cannabinoid" receptors which are found on neurons in many places in the brain -When THC activates cannabinoid receptors, it interferes with the normal functioning of these brain areas. -Caffeine - The action of caffeine blocks adenosine receptors as an antagonist. - Common that the brain becomes addicted

Alcohol Alcohol (Ethanol)  is a depressant, which means it slows your system down  can alter emotions; emotions are controlled in the limbic system  contracts brain tissue  Alcohol enhances the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA: this means it makes a person sluggish

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