The Skeletal System – OrganizationDay 2

Axial Skeleton Consists of the 80 bones in the head and trunk of the human body The purpose of the axial skeleton (among other things) is to protect the body's most vital organs

Bones of the Axial Skeleton Cranial Bones (22) Facial Bones (14) Ossicles – Inner Ear (6) Hyoid Bone - U-shape bone located in the neck. It anchors the tongue and is associated with swallowing (1) Vertebral Column – Includes Sacrum and Coccyx (26) Thoracic Cage – Includes Ribs (25)

Appendicular Skeleton Consists of 126 bones in the human body which make motion possible and protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction The word appendicular means referring to an appendage or anything attached to a major part of the body, such as the upper and lower extremities

Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Shoulder girdle (Clavicle, Scapula) Arm (Humerus, Ulna, Radius) Hand (Metacarpals, Phalanges) Pelvic girdle Leg (Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Patella) Foot (Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges) THE AXIAL AND APPENDICULAR SKELETON TOGETHER MAKE UP THE COMPLETE SKELETON

Cartilage/Meniscus A strong, flexible material that supports and provides a smooth surface that makes movement at a joint smooth 3 Functions: Stability Lubrication & Nutrition Shock absorption

Ligaments Strong bands or cords of tissue that connect the BONE TO BONE at a joint Commonly injured ligaments are the Patellar Ligaments: ACL – Anterior Cruciate Ligament LCL – Lateral Collateral Ligament PCL – Posterior Cruciate Ligament MCL – Medial Collateral Ligament

Anterior View of Right Knee

Tendons Bands of fiber that connect MUSCLE TO BONES Tendons and muscles work together to exert a pulling force Commonly Injured Tendon is the Achilles Tendon which connects the heel bone to the Gastrocnemius and Soleus (Calf muscles)

Name the bone(s) and the type of bone it is. Types of Bones Long Short Flat Irregular Sesamoid Name the bone(s) and the type of bone it is.

Types of Joints 3 main types: Immovable i.e. Cranium Slightly Movable i.e. Vertebral Joint, Tibiofibular Joint Freely Movable (Synovial) i.e. All other joints in the body The Synovial Joint contains synovial fluid which allows the joint to move freely and decreases friction Synovial Joints are classified into 3 different sections: Hinge, Condyloid, Ball and Socket

Types of Joints Cont’d Hinge – Allows movement in One plane of motion ONLY i.e. Elbow, Knee Condyloid – Allows movement in Two planes of motion i.e. Wrist, Ankle Ball and Socket – Allows movement in Three directions and a great range of motion i.e. Shoulder, Hip Saddle – found in the thumb

Sketch and label the synovial joint Page 33

Synovial Joints - Worksheets “Types of Synovial Joints” “The Synovial Joint” Make sure you are ready to present!