ARTICULATIONS

CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS FUNCTIONAL VS STRUCTURAL

FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATIONS SYNARTHROSES AMPHIARTHROSES DIARTHROSES

SYNARTHROSES IMMOVABLE JOINTS

AMPHIARTHROSES ALLOW SLIGHT MOVEMENT

DIARTHROSES FREELY MOVEABLE SYNOVIAL JOINTS

STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION FIBROUS CARTILAGINOUS SYNOVIAL

FIBROUS HELD TIGHTLY TOGETHER BY FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE SUTURAL LIGAMENT LITTLE MATERIAL BETWEEN BONES LITTLE MOVEMENT MOST ARE SYNARTHROSES

TYPE OF FIBROUS JOINTS SUTURES SYNDESMOSES GOMPHOSES

SUTURES EDGES OF BONES HAVE INTERDIGITATIONS CLOSE AND FIRMLY FIT TOGETHER SYNARTHROSIS

SYNOSTOSIS/SYNOSTOSES FIBERS COMPLETELY REPLACED BY BONE SUTURE BECOME FIRMLY FUSED TOGETHER ANY TYPE OF JOINT CAN BECOME A SYNOSTOSIS

SYNDESMOSES HELD TOGETHER BY FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE MORE SPACE BETWEEN BONES LIGAMENTS OR INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANES OFFER LITTLE MOVEMENT BUT SOME GIVE SYNARTHROSES

GOMPHOSES SPECIALIZED JOINT CONE INTO SOCKET ROOTS OF TEETH WITH ALVEOLAR SOCKETS PERIDONTAL LIGAMENT SYNARTHROSES

CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS JOINED BY CARTILAGE

TYPES OF CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS SYNCHONDROSES SYMPHYSES

SYNCHONDROSES HYALINE CARTILAGE MOST ARE SYNARTHROSES SOME ARE AMPHIARTHOSES MANY ARE TEMPORARY JOINTS

EPIPHYSEAL PLATE

SYMPHYSES FIBROCARTILAGE COMPRESSIBLE SERVE AS SHOCK ABSORBERS AMPHIARTHROSES

SYNOVIAL JOINTS MOST OF JOINTS FLUID FILLED JOINT CAVITY FREELY MOVEABLE LIGAMENTS, TENDONS, MUSCLES OR ADJOINING BONES ONLY LIMITING FACTORS DIARTHROSES

CHARACTERISTIC OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS ARTICULAR CARTILAGE SYNOVIAL CAVITY ARTICULAR CAPSULE SYNOVIAL FLUID SUPPORTING LIGAMENTS

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE THIN LAYER OF HYALINE CARTILAGE COVERS SMOOTH ARTICULAR SURFACE

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

SYNOVIAL CAVITY JOINT CAVITY SMALL SPACE SEPARATES BONES FILLED WITH SYNOVIAL FLUID

SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE

ARTICULAR CAPSULE DOUBLE LAYERED FIBROUS CAPSULE SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE

SYNOVIAL FLUID PROVIDES NOURISHMENT TO ARTICULAR CARTILAGES WEIGHT BEARING ELEMENT LUBRICANT

SUPPORTING LIGAMENTS CAPSULAR OR INTRINSIC LIGAMENTS EXTRACAPSULAR LIGAMENTS INTRACAPSULAR LIGAMENTS

OPTIONAL FEATURES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS ARTICULAR DISCS

MENISCUS OF KNEE

BURSA AND TENDON SHEATHS NOT ACTUALLY PART OF SYNOVIAL JOINT FOUND WITH THEM OFTEN HAVE SYNOVIAL FLUID REDUCE FRICTION BETWEEN STRUCTURES

BURSAE SMALL SACS LINED WITH SYNOVIAL MEMBRANES FOUND THROUGHOUT BODY MOST LOCATED BETWEEN TENDONS AND BONE

TENDON SHEATHS WHERE TENDONS CROSS JOINTS PROTECTS AGAINST FRICTION CYLINDRICAL SACS TENDONS SLIDE THROUGH THEM

MOVEMENT OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS GLIDING FLEXION DORSIFLEXION EXTENSION PLANTAR FLEXION ABDUCTION ADDUCTION CIRCUMDUCTION ROTATION SUPINATION PRONATION ELEVATION DEPRESSION INVERSION EVERSION PROTRACTION RETRACTION

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS UNIAXIAL JOINTS BIAXIAL JOINTS TRIAXIAL JOINTS NONAXIAL

NONAXIAL JOINTS GLIDING, PLANE OR ARTHRODIAL JOINTS APPOSITION OF FLAT OR SLIGHTLY CURVED SURFACES MOVEMENT CAN OCCUR IN ANY DIRECTION LIGAMENTS AND/OR BONY PROCESSES LIMIT MOVEMENT

GLIDING JOINTS/PLANE

UNIAXIAL JOINTS HINGE OR GINGLYMUS JOINTS PIVOT OR TRICHOID JOINTS

HINGE OR GINGLYMUS JOINTS ELBOW KNEE PHALANGES OF FINGERS AND TOES

PIVOT OR TRICHOID BONE ATLAS AND AXIS PROXIMAL ARTICULATION BETWEEN RADIUS AND ULNA

BIAXIAL JOINTS CONDYLOID OR ELLIPSOID JOINTS SADDLE JOINTS

CONDYLOD OR ELLIPSOID JOINTS ARTCULATIONS BETWEEN RADIUS AND CARPALS OCCIPITAL CONDYLES ON ATLAS METACAPOPHALANGEAL JOINTS METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINTS

SADDLE JOINTS CARPOMETACARPAL JOINT OF THUMB

TRIAXIAL JOINT BALL AND SOCKET OR SPHEROID JOINTS SHOULDER AND HIP JOINTS

A SURVEY OF SELECTED JOINTS

SHOULDER JOINT CORACOHUMERAL LIGAMENT GLENOHUMERAL LIGAMENTS GLENOID LABRUM ROTATOR CUFF

ELBOW JOINT ULNAR COLLATERAL LIGAMENT RADIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT ANNULAR LIGAMENT

HIP JOINT ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT PUBOFEMORAL LIGAMENT ISCHIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT ACETABULAR LABRUM LIGAMENTUM TERES (CAPITATE LIGAMENT)

KNEE PATELLAR LIGAMENT OBLIQUE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT ARCUATE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT MEDIAL AND LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT MEDIAL AND LATERAL MENISCI ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS

ANKLE JOINT

CLINICAL CONDITIONS

SPRAINS TWISTING OR OVERSTRETCHING OF A JOINT TEAR OR SEPARATION SLOW TO HEAL DUE TO LACK OF BLOOD SUPPLY

DISLOCATION LUXATION BONES ARE DISPLACED SHOULDER, FINGERS AND THUMBS MOST COMMON

DISLOCATION

BURSITIS INFLAMATION OF BURSA ECESSIVE SYNOVIAL FLUID REDNESS, SWELLING AND PAIN

TENDINITIS INFLAMMATION OF TENDON SHEATHS LOCALIZED TENDERNESS AND EXTREME PAIN WHEN JOINT IS MOVED WRISTS, ELBOW AND SHOULDER MOST OFTEN AFFECTED

HERNIATED DISC RUPTURED DISC PRESSURE CAN CAUSE SERVERE PAIN CAN CAUSE NERVE DAMAGE

TORN MENSICI

ARTHRITIS VARIETY OF TYPES PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES TO JOINT MEMBRANES, BONES OR CARTILAGE

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS SEVERE FORM WOMEN MORE THAN MEN PANNUS DESTROYS JOINT

GOUTY ARTHRITIS SUDDEN SEVERE PAIN AND SWELLLING TOES, INSTEPS, HEELS, KNEES AND WRISTS MORE COMMON IN MALES INHERITED DEFECT INCREASED URIC ACID LEVELS FORM CRYSTALS

DEGENERATIVE OSTEOARTHRITIS PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF CARTILAGE MAY HAVE APPEARANCE OF BONE SPURS

SUPPURATIVE ARTHRITIS

ABNORMAL CURVATURES OF THE SPINE SCOLIOSIS KYPHOSIS LORDOSIS

SCOLIOSIS

KYPHOSIS

LORDOSIS

OSTEOPOROSIS

OSTEOMALACIA

RICKETS

PAGET’S DISEASE

FRACTURE

STRESS FRACTURES

OSTEOMYELITIS

BONE CANCER

PITUITARY DWARFISM

ACHONDROPLASTIC DWARFISM

GIGANTISM

SCURVY

METASTIC CALCIFICATION