Slavery and States’ Rights Lincoln, Secession, and War The Union in Crisis 1846-1861 Slavery and States’ Rights Lincoln, Secession, and War

Slavery and States’ Rights North- manufacturing South- remain agrarian cotton (King Cotton)slavery Slave issue arises again, even after Missouri Compromise (TX,CA,NM) Wilmot Proviso- no slavery in Mexican Cession territory- S. mad 1848 Election- Free Soil Party- Martin Van Buren loses to Whig Zachary Taylor The Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay (KY) proposes 5 part plan to solve slave issue: California admitted as free state NM territory would have no slave restrictions NM/Texas border dispute would be settled in favor of NM Slave trade (not slavery) banned in Washington DC Stronger fugitive slave laws

Slavery and States’ Rights The Fugitive Slave Act Req. all citizens to help catch slaves- N. refused Underground Railroad- Harriet Tubman “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”- Harriet Beecher Stowe (white abolitionist) Kansas-Nebraska Act Sen. Stephen Douglas (Ill.) suggests creating 2 new states: Kansas & Nebraska Re-opened slave debate and repealed Missouri Compromise allowed citizens to decide whether to be free or slave Popular Sovereignty Kansas- pro slavery; but anti slave groups emerge too (2 factions; pro vs. anti) Violence erupts Bleeding Kansas New Political Party Normally PP extend across sectional linesslavery divides ppl &PP Whig party falls apart; leftovers + Free Soil Party campaign against slavery Know- Nothing Party nativist organization against immigration Republican party is born and oppose slavery Election of 1856- Dem. James Buchanan wins- Rep. party still too weak

Lincoln, Secession, and War Dred Scott Decision Scott was a slave living in MissouriMaster moved to Illinois, a free state, them moved back to Missouri Scott sued, claiming he should be free since he lived on free soil Roger B. Taney (SC Justice) ruled Scott is still a slave b/c he is property, not a citizen, therefore, he had no rights Decision means the constitution protected slavery- splits country Lincoln-Douglas Debates Senate election in 1858 in Ill.- Abraham Lincoln vs. Stephen Douglas Series of debates over slavery Lincoln-oppose Douglas- feels slavery is necessary, but he dislikes it Douglas gives the Freeport Doctrine Speech- Ppl can get around slavery issue by electing politicians who would not enforce slave laws Raid on Harpers Ferry Southerners feel threatened by growing Republican power Abolitionist John Brown led a raid in Harper’s Ferry, VA Raided an arsenal gov’t storage for weapons and ammo Distribute them to slaves in regionfails, Brown sentenced to death

Dred Scott

Abraham Lincoln Stephen Douglas

Lincoln, Secession, and War Election of 1860- Democrats are split- half are pro; half are anti Republican A. Lincoln wins easily since Dems are split Rep. promise not to extend slavery, they would not take it away either Southerners threaten to secede (leave) union if Lincoln wins The South Secedes South Carolina leaves first-1860 Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis elected president- says the nat’l government had violated southern state rights Most S. did not own slaves and were very concerned Lincoln felt it was his duty to preserve the Union at all times- would fight a war to keep country together Fort Sumter 1861- Confederate troops threaten to seize Union forts located in South Fort Sumter (SC) is most important Union fortsupplies running low Lincoln says he will send supplies via unarmed troops President Davis ordered his troops to attack Sumter anyway April 12, 1861- Civil War begins