Section 3: The North Wins Section 4: The Legacy of the War

There were hundreds of small battles in the Civil War – and several more famous ones Fort Sumter Fort Sumter Bull Run Bull Run New Orleans New Orleans Antietam Antietam Fredericksburg Fredericksburg Chancellorsville Chancellorsville Vicksburg Vicksburg Gettysburg Gettysburg Chattanooga Chattanooga Atlanta Atlanta All Civil War Battles All Civil War Battles All Civil War Battles All Civil War Battles Famous Civil War Battles Famous Civil War Battles Famous Civil War Battles Famous Civil War Battles General Civil War information General Civil War information General Civil War information General Civil War information

Gettysburg is the one many people think of 1st Gettysburg happened about half way through the war. Gettysburg happened about half way through the war. The first half: the South was a little ahead. The first half: the South was a little ahead. At Gettysburg the North rallied, won the battle, and started to take a little more control over the Confederates. At Gettysburg the North rallied, won the battle, and started to take a little more control over the Confederates.

The fighting at Gettysburg Lasted for 3 days. Lasted for 3 days. 90,000 Union troops against 75,000 Confederate troops. 90,000 Union troops against 75,000 Confederate troops. The Union was trying to hold some ground (Cemetery Ridge) and the South kept trying to take it from them. The Union was trying to hold some ground (Cemetery Ridge) and the South kept trying to take it from them. There was very intense fighting from both sides. There was very intense fighting from both sides.

On July 3 rd (the 3 rd day) Confederate General George Picket decided to directly attack the middle of the Union line. Confederate General George Picket decided to directly attack the middle of the Union line. 13,000 Rebel troops charged up the ridge into enemy fire. 13,000 Rebel troops charged up the ridge into enemy fire. It was a terrible tactical mistake – the South ’ s men were torn apart. It was a terrible tactical mistake – the South ’ s men were torn apart. The North actually had a chance to “ finish them off ”, but Lincoln ’ s generals let them retreat. The North actually had a chance to “ finish them off ”, but Lincoln ’ s generals let them retreat. One third of general Lee ’ s army was dead or wounded. One third of general Lee ’ s army was dead or wounded.

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate - we cannot consecrate - we cannot hallow - this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate - we cannot consecrate - we cannot hallow - this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

One of the more devastating attacks came with General Sherman ’ s / “ march to the sea ” Sherman (Union) started his men on a march from Atlanta – to “deal with” anything they came up against in Georgia. Sherman (Union) started his men on a march from Atlanta – to “deal with” anything they came up against in Georgia. His men went from Atlanta all the way to the Atlantic Ocean. His men went from Atlanta all the way to the Atlantic Ocean. On the way they destroyed everything in their path – rail lines, crops, livestock, looted and burned towns. On the way they destroyed everything in their path – rail lines, crops, livestock, looted and burned towns. This really angered and destroyed morale in the South This really angered and destroyed morale in the South

After some other battles, the Confederates felt they had no other choice – than to surrender On April 9 th, 1865, General Lee (S) and General Grant (N) met at Appomattox Court House (in Virginia) to arrange the surrender. On April 9 th, 1865, General Lee (S) and General Grant (N) met at Appomattox Court House (in Virginia) to arrange the surrender. Grant and the North were very kind to the Confederates. Grant and the North were very kind to the Confederates. They got to go home in peace. They got to go home in peace. They got to take their private possessions (and horses) with them. They got to take their private possessions (and horses) with them. The hungry soldiers got food. The hungry soldiers got food. Most of them walked home. Most of them walked home.

When the Civil War was over 3,000,000 men had fought on both sides (about 1/10 Americans) 3,000,000 men had fought on both sides (about 1/10 Americans) 620,000 soldiers had died. 620,000 soldiers had died. 535,000 soldiers had been wounded. 535,000 soldiers had been wounded. A LOT of money had been spent (in 5 years - 5 times the amount of money the country had spent in its entire history) A LOT of money had been spent (in 5 years - 5 times the amount of money the country had spent in its entire history)

The 13 th Amendment was passed (banned slavery in the United States)

5 days later… Abraham Lincoln went to watch a play with his wife

Lincoln was feeling pretty good about everything – he even thought he ’ d relax a little bit. And he thought he ’ d go watch a play – just about blocks from the White House. And he thought he ’ d go watch a play – just about blocks from the White House. A man named John Wilkes Booth stopped by… A man named John Wilkes Booth stopped by… And… you know… the rest of the story And… you know… the rest of the story

Consequences of the Civil War People started to talk about the United States as one big country (not sections of America). People started to talk about the United States as one big country (not sections of America). The federal government grew larger and more powerful. The federal government grew larger and more powerful. Northern industries continued to grow (they hadn ’ t been ruined by the war). Northern industries continued to grow (they hadn ’ t been ruined by the war). In the South: Farms and plantations were destroyed. Farms and plantations were destroyed. 40% of the livestock were destroyed. 40% of the livestock were destroyed. 50% of farm machinery was destroyed. 50% of farm machinery was destroyed. Factories were demolished. Factories were demolished. Railroad tracks had been torn apart. Railroad tracks had been torn apart. The South’s economic system was torn apart (no more slaves). The South’s economic system was torn apart (no more slaves). What should they do with 4 million newly freed people? What should they do with 4 million newly freed people?

At this point in history – we finally start to see photographs of events And not paintings or drawings anymore. And not paintings or drawings anymore. Photography had been invented. Photography had been invented. But… still very basic – for example people had to be very still or the picture would be blurry. But… still very basic – for example people had to be very still or the picture would be blurry. Matthew Brady is generally accepted as the best / most famous of the Civil War photographers Matthew Brady is generally accepted as the best / most famous of the Civil War photographers