Status of E-Government

E-Government: the use of digital technologies to transform government operations in order to improve effectiveness, efficiency, and service delivery.

Objectives of E- Government Strategic Objective Support and simplify governance for both citizens and government and also for businesses. Internal Objective : facilitate a speedy, transparent, accountable, efficient and effective process for performing government administration activities. Significant cost savings (per transaction) in government operations could be the result. External Objective :Fulfill the public ᾼ s needs and expectations satisfactory on the front-office side, by simplifying the interaction with various online services.

Effects of E- Government on Public Administration Advantages To increase internal efficiency in public administration. To create new services. Easy access to information. To participate global information networks. Information sharing among Institution. Online access to public services. Individual efficiency. High Performance in teamwork. Transparent state. Disadvantages Difficult access for disabilities. Overloaded information. Ambiguity in the cases of confidentiality. copyrights and protection of public information. Gaps result from unequal avaibility opportunities.

Determinants for the Success of E-Government Political stability Adequate legal framework, Level of trust in government (perception of service levels), The importance of government identity (fragmentation or integration Economic structure (education, agriculture, industry or service) Government structure (centralized or decentralized) Different levels of maturity (weakest part of the chain determines speedily constituent demand (push or pull).

Development of E- Government in Turkey 1. (1990s ᾶ 2000): The term that focused to improvement of strategies by the contributions of scholars, civil society, public and private sector. 2. ( ): The term that arranging plans to realize those strategies. 3. ( ): The term that focused on the modernization on public administration by implementing e-government as a tool.

1990s with the creation of knowledge based Economy that take their roots from higher value added production has gave rise to some initiatives in terms of e- government like Internet tax project of the Ministry of Finance and the central population management system. In the second term which can be characterized with economic and political instability even if the government has supported e- government projects, there was not any important implementation example. Aims of E- Government Portal To give more transparent, more efficient, and cheaper public services, Maintains new relations between government and citizen, government and business and government and other governments. Giving 7/24 service to the citizens

Benefits of E- Government Portal Citizens can regulate their relations with instiutions in a faster, more reliable manner and without vesting time. State can both modernize its operation style and gains financial profit by using time and resources efficiently.

Focus on E-government: Web of Interdependencies Intra-agency Inter- and Intra- governmental Connections Agency to business Agency to the public

Chronic Problems in E-Government Putting the Status Quo Online: Agencies automate political and institutional problems Redundant Buying: Multiple agencies buy the same item Program Management: Few IT projects delivered on time, on budget Poor Modernization Strategies: Few agencies have business-driven enterprise architectures connecting IT investments to performance improvement Islands of Automation: –Citizens deal with multiple agencies (22,000 websites) for service –Agencies cannot easily collaborate for key missions

Technology Enactment Objective IT Organizational Forms Bureaucracy ·Hierarchy ·Jurisdiction ·Standardization ·Rules, files ·Stability Networks ·Trust vs. Exchange ·Social Capital ·Interoperability ·Pooled resources ·Access to Knowledge Institutional Arrangements ·Cognitive ·Cultural ·Sociostructural ·Legal & formal Actors Group A: Vendors Consultants Enacted Technology ·Perception ·Design ·Implementation Outcomes ·Indeterminate ·Multiple logics ·Unanticipated Actors Group B: ·CIO ·Decisionmakers of IT system Actors Group C: ·Policymakers ·Managers, Administrators ·Operators, Workers

Propositions Concerning the Civil Service Vertical institutional structures Misuse of capital/labor substitution Outsourcing v. integration/reform Customer service strategies Embeddedness and culture

Government to Citizen Government to Government Internal Effectiveness and Efficiency 1. USA Service 2. EZ Tax Filing 3. Online Access for Loans 4. Recreation One Stop 5. Eligibility Assistance Online (GovBenefits) 1. E-Vital (business case) 2. E-Grants 3. Disaster Assistance and Crisis Response 4. Geospatial Information One Stop 5. Wireless Networks (SAFECOM) 1. E-Training 2. Recruitment One Stop 3. Enterprise HRIntegration 4. E-Travel 5. Integrated Acquisition 6. E-Records Management 7. Payroll Processing U.S. E-Government Initiatives Managing Partner OPM GSA NARA OPM Managing Partner SSA HHS FEMA DOI FEMA Managing Partner GSA TREAS DoEd DOI Labor Government to Business 1. Federal Asset Sales 2. Online Rulemaking Management 3. Simplified and Unified Tax and Wage Reporting 4. Consolidated Health Informatics (business case) 5. Business Compliance One Stop 6. International Trade Process Streamlining Managing Partner GSA DOT Treas HHS SBA DOC E-Authentication

Institutional Development at OMB Federal CIO, Administrator for E-govt and IT (Associate Director of OMB) Associate Administrator for E-Govt and IT (oversight of 25 cross-agency projects) Portfolio Management Office Five Portfolio Managers Managing Agencies

E-Government Projects

From E-Government to the Virtual State The virtual state is inter - sectoral, interagency, and intergovernmental. But it achieves this fluidity and cross-boundary character through standardization, rationalization, and the management of interdependence.

Recommendations Link e-government to reform initiatives Consider necessary institutional changes Consider all levels of government and their interconnections Where will knowledgeable IT experts come from?

Definition The use of information technology to free movement of information to overcome the physical bounds of traditional paper and physical based systems Or T he use of technology to enhance the access to and delivery of government services to benefit citizens, business partners and employees.