The Road to the Civil War Crises in the 1850’s Slides by Sue Pojer and Venita Williams

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD This was a movement to help escaped slaves make their way from the slave-owning southern states up through the northern states, and eventually into Canada.This was a movement to help escaped slaves make their way from the slave-owning southern states up through the northern states, and eventually into Canada. This was accomplished by secretly transporting slaves from one safe house to another, steadily moving north until freedom was secured.This was accomplished by secretly transporting slaves from one safe house to another, steadily moving north until freedom was secured.

MAP OF THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

THE WOMAN CALLED “MOSES” Araminta Harriet RossAraminta Harriet Ross Born on 1819 or 1820 in Dorchester County, MarylandBorn on 1819 or 1820 in Dorchester County, Maryland In 1844, she married John Tubman, a free black manIn 1844, she married John Tubman, a free black man In 1849, she escapes to the northIn 1849, she escapes to the north In 1850, Harriet Tubman starts rescuing slaves via the Underground RailroadIn 1850, Harriet Tubman starts rescuing slaves via the Underground Railroad

MOSES CONT….. In 1958 she buy’s a farm near Auburn, N.Y.In 1958 she buy’s a farm near Auburn, N.Y. She also established the Harriet Tubman home for the elderlyShe also established the Harriet Tubman home for the elderly She died on March 10, 1913She died on March 10, 1913 She was either 93 or 94 years old when she died.She was either 93 or 94 years old when she died.

LIFE AS A FUGITIVE Fearing that she would be sold deeper in the south, Harriet ran away.Fearing that she would be sold deeper in the south, Harriet ran away. Once she got to the north she decided to help the abolitionist to end slavery.Once she got to the north she decided to help the abolitionist to end slavery. She also became the conductor of the Underground Railroad.She also became the conductor of the Underground Railroad. She made 19 rescue trips in over 10 years, rescuing over 300 slaves from the southern states, including her 70 year old parents.She made 19 rescue trips in over 10 years, rescuing over 300 slaves from the southern states, including her 70 year old parents.

FUGITIVE CONT…. She also helped John Brown recruit soldiers for his raid on Harper’s Ferry in 1859.She also helped John Brown recruit soldiers for his raid on Harper’s Ferry in She also worked as a nurse, a scout, and a spy for the Union Army during the U. S. Civil War.She also worked as a nurse, a scout, and a spy for the Union Army during the U. S. Civil War.

Compromise of 1850

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896) So this is the lady who started the Civil War. - Abraham Lincoln So this is the lady who started the Civil War. - Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852  Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.  2 million in a decade!  Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.  2 million in a decade!

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

“Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

“The Crime Against Kansas” Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20 c )

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854  Northern Whigs.  Northern Democrats.  Free-Soilers.  Know-Nothings.  Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.  Northern Whigs.  Northern Democrats.  Free-Soilers.  Know-Nothings.  Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand. A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine Popular Sovereignty

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

1860 Election √ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

1860 Election Results 1860 Election Results

Crittenden Compromise: A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing- KY)

Secession!: SC  Dec. 20, 1860

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861