A B C D E X Z

 Election of 1860  Secession

 April 12, 1861 – General PGT Beauregard opened fire  Major Robert Anderson tried to hold fort but ran out of supplies  Lincoln declared South in rebellion

 VA, NC, TN & AK joined Confederacy  Borders States - between North & South  became very important to the North – DE, MD, WV, KY & MO

Rating the North & the South

Railroad Lines, 1860

Resources: North & the South

Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

1. More Railroads 2. More Factories 3. Balanced Economy 4. Larger Population 5. Functioning Gov’t.

1. More Trained Officers 2. Defensive Position 3. Preservation of Way of Life

The Leaders of the Confederacy Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens

The Confederate “White House”

The Confederate Seal MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”

The “Anaconda” Plan

Lincoln’s Generals Irwin McDowell Winfield Scott George McClellan, Again! McClellan George McClellan Ambrose Burnside Joseph Hooker George Meade Ulysses S. Grant

Buy Your Way Out of Military Service

Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” 23,000 casualties September 17, 1862

1. Bullet – long piece of metal w/ rounded end

2. Rifling – spiral groove cut inside gun barrel

3. Shell – Exploding cannon ball

4. Canister – Shell filled w/ tiny lead balls

5. Ironclad Gunboats – steamship covered in iron plating

 Draft – required military service  Suspended Writ of Habeas Corpus – right to a trial before imprisonment

 Internal Revenue Act – tax on liquor, tobacco, medicine & paper  became Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

 Created National Currency: Greenbacks

 Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 – project to connect East & West w/ railroads

War in the East:

McClellan: I Can Do It All!

 Emancipation Proclamation: all enslaved people in areas of open rebellion were freed

The Emancipation Proclamation

Emancipation in 1863

African-American Recruiting Poster

Extensive Legislation Passed Without the South in Congress 1861 – Morrill Tariff Act 1862 – Homestead Act 1862 – Legal Tender Act 1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act 1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863) 1863 – Pacific Railway Act 1863 – National Bank Act 1861 – Morrill Tariff Act 1862 – Homestead Act 1862 – Legal Tender Act 1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act 1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863) 1863 – Pacific Railway Act 1863 – National Bank Act

 1 st African American Regiment  Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw  Most of the regiment was killed during attack on Fort Wagner

The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg Vicksburg

The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

Gettysburg Casualties

The North Initiates the Draft, 1863

NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)

A “Pogrom” Against Blacks

Inflation in the South

Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia, 1864

Rep. – Abraham Lincoln Dem. – George McClellan  Lincoln thought he would lose!  McClellan hated Lincoln!

 Just before the election Sherman took Atlanta  This victory changed the country’s outlook  Lincoln won re-election

North  Point Lookout, MA  Camp Chase, OH  Fort Delaware

South  Libby’s Prison, VA  Andersonville, Ga soldiers died a day - Commander guilty of war crimes

 TERRIBLE!  Docs did not sterilize equipment!  Went days w/out washing equipment!  High rates of infection

Some tried to make changes: 1. Clara Barton – gave first aide to troops & started Red Cross 2. Dorothea Dix – Organized Union’s nursing corps

NORTH  Flourished  Industry boomed  Women took jobs in factories SOUTH  Declined  Food Shortages  Still produced cotton & not food crops

Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865