Introduction to Sociology SOC101Y Introduction to Sociology Professor Adam Green Lecture #18 Globalization 13 March 13

Non-conventional Political Action, Canada, 1981-2006 (percent “done” and “might”) Statistically significant increase

Relative Deprivation Theory Rewards Rewards expected Intolerable gap Rewards received People feel relatively deprived when they experience an intolerable gap between the social rewards they think they deserve and the social rewards they expect to receive. Social rewards are widely valued goods, including money, education, security, prestige, etc. Accordingly, people are most likely to rebel against authority when rising expectations (brought on by, say, rapid economic growth and migration) are met by a sudden decline in social rewards (due to, say, economic recession or war). Time

Resource Mobilization Theory Resource mobilization theory is based on the idea that social movements can emerge only when disadvantaged people can marshal the means necessary to challenge authority. Foremost among the resources they need to challenge authority is the capacity to forge strong social ties among themselves. Other important resources that allow disadvantaged people to challenge authority include jobs, money, arms, and access to means of spreading their ideas.

Weighted Frequency of Strikes, Canada, 1946-2008 Strikes/100,000 non-agricultural workers 1946 1974 2008 Year

Percent of Non-Agricultural Workers Unionized, Canada and USA, 1925-2009 Percent unionized Canada USA Year

Indicators of Globalization, 1981/2 - 2007/9 % Δ International tourist arrivals (millions of people) 277 924 233 Foreign direct investment (billions of dollars) 59 1,538 2,507 Internet hosts (millions) 213 681 m. 319 m. Number of international organizations (thousands) 14.3 63.9 347

Transnational Corporations Transnational corporations – also called multinational or international corporations – are the most important agents of globalization in the world today. They are giant companies that depend increasingly on foreign labour, sell on world markets, operate with considerable autonomy from national governments, and depend for growth of on new management skills, design innovations, and massive advertising campaigns.

The Size and Influence of the United States Economy This map will help you gauge the enormous importance of the United States in globalization because it emphasizes just how big the U.S. economy is. The economy of each U.S. state is as big as that of a whole country. Specifically, this map shows how the GDP of various countries compares to that of each state. For example, the GDP of California is equal to that of France, the GDP of New Jersey is equal to that of Russia, and the GDP of Texas is equal to that of Canada.

McDonaldization, Glocalization, and Regionalization McDonaldization is the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant – efficiency, calculability, and predictability – are coming to dominate the world. McDonaldization extends Weber’s concept of rationalization, the application of the most efficient means to achieve given ends. Glocalization refers to the simultaneous homogenization of some aspects of life and the strengthening of some local differences under the impact of globalization. Regionalization refers to the division of the world into different and often competing economic, political, and cultural areas

The Regionalization of World Trade This graphic illustrates the network of world trade in 1992. The thickness of lines shows the volume of trade between countries. Colors distinguish regional trading blocs. Note that most world trade took place within regional trading blocs, with the United States, Germany, and Japan at the center of each of the three main blocs. (Note: The graphic does not include China, which has become the centre of a fourth trading bloc since the early 90s.)

Neoliberal Globalization Neoliberal globalization is a policy that promotes private control of industry, minimal government interference in the running of the economy, the removal of taxes, tariffs, and restrictive regulations that discourage the international buying and selling of goods and services, and the encouragement of foreign investment.

Aid to Developing Countries as a Percentage of Gross Domestic Product, OECD Countries, 2009 Aid as percentage of GDP Level recommended by United Nations 5 countries above line 20 countries below line

Towards Democratic Globalization Increase foreign aid to level recommended by UN Cancel poor countries’ debt. Eliminate tariff barriers in rich countries. Support democracy in the developing world.