2000 Question 6a.iii You must talk about more than one country. You can compare 2 countries – Singapore and Bangladesh, but you can also mention others. You will get half a mark for mentioning an actual example of a country.

Sample answer’s Developing countries such as Singapore are at the richer end of the Developing world. Singapore is on a trade route and has a huge natural harbor. This means there is lots of trade into and out of the country and therefore lots of money.~(Scott) Sierra Leone has a bad geographical location in Western Africa between Guinnea and Liberia meaning they have bad trade and can’t make money.(Elaine) Climate can slow development in country like Kenya, the climate can become hot and arid meaning crops can’t grow and farmers can’t sell fro profit (Elaine) Bangladesh is less developed because of floods and cyclones destroying the area. Only a third of its population have access to education which stops social and economic growth.(Ian) Bangladesh has a militant government which is corrupt and discourages foreign investment. (Scott) Sierra Leon remains poor because the government has spend all its money on the civil war. (Kirsty) As most of the population is skilled and well educated they produce high value goods which in turn attract foreign investment bringing more money and more skilled workers thus increasing development. (Lorna)

Question 6 a i. One mark for full stated indicator and one mark for suitable explanation of each. Total 4 marks so don’t go overboard. Watch the time State the obvious on this question

Sample answers SOCIAL Infant Mortality rate is a social indicator that can illustrate a country’s level of development. A high IM rate means a country is not very developed as healthcare must be poor if large numbers of children under the age of 1 are dying. Also there maybe a lack of antenatal and post natal care.(Lorna) Avoid birth and death rates and use Crude Death/Birth rate and discuss a high or low rate shows about the country. Literacy rate is another useful indicator to highlight the level of literacy and education – employment - development. ECONOMIC GNP indicates the level of wealth in a country. State what a high GNP indicates and vice versa. Percentage of working population employed in Primary Sector.

Continued Wide variations occur between countries in the developing world due to a number of reasons. For example countries such as Bangladesh are victims to much climatic disasters such as floods making it difficult for the country to develop. It also has no raw materials. However, some countries like Saudi Arabia have vast quantities of coal, oil and gas reserves which aid in helping the country develop as they can be sold. Also Malaysia has large tin and rubber supplies which it can sell to other countries. However, some countries such as Sudan have been victim to civil wars which halt the development of a country. Many developing countries are also very much in debt meaning it is difficult for governments to spend money on helping the country improve and develop e.g. Countries in Africa.

2004 Q6 B. Split the question up and work through logically - Give examples of primary health care. Why are they suitable to Developing countries. Use the information in the question to help you.

Sample Answer’s Barefoot doctors are local people therefore trusted which can cure minor diseases such as polio and diarrohea. (Scott) Improve this by saying what a barefoot doctor is then discuss their effectiveness. –Barefoot doctors are trained locals who can practice minor medical procedures in rural areas. They are effective because they are cheap to train, so easier to employ bigger numbers and they can serve a wider area. They are also likely to trusted and accepted by the community.

Sample answers Clean water is useful because people in developing countries are dying from drinking water. To keep the water clean is cheap and easy to do and will stop lots of people dying on a regular basis. (Kirsty) Improve this The establishment of more reliable and cleaner water supplies and improved sewage disposal can prevent a large number of easily prevented diseases such as diarrhoea. This can be cheap and involve the local community working on small projects together.

Sample answer’s The provision of vaccination programmes to offer protection against such health problems as polio, whooping cough, T.B. The use of ORT to tackle dehydration and diarrohea is simple, cheap and easily administered. Health education schemes focusing on improving awareness in health and diets. Effectiveness? Cost effective Easy to reach a wider population than large hi-tech hospitals. Needs to be supported by governments and become a global priority.

Indicators of development Using a single indicator of development may fail tp provide an accurate picture of a countries level of development. GNP is an average and therefore does not take account of disparities within the country between rich and poor e.g. between rural and urban areas. It also disguises inequalities within urban areas e.g. in Rio de Janeiro where there are millionaire apartments next to shanty towns. GNP does not take account of subsistence activities in rural areas which despite being non profit making are still an economic activity and can provide people with a decent quality of life. GNP can also be artificially inflated by oil revenue for example in Saudi Arabia which has a high GNP but remains developing country. Indicators of development are very reliant on census data which is not always accurate and maybe corrupted by governments meaning inaccurate figures. Finally economic indicators of development do not take into account purchasing power within a country or currency changes. It is more useful to use composite indicators of development such the PQLI which takes into account a range of indicators and looks at quality of life.