The European Union THE EUROPEAN UNION 50 Years of Peace, Prosperity and Partnership

The European Union What is the European Union? Largest economic body in the world. World’s most successful model for advancing peace and democracy. A unique institution – Member States voluntarily cede national sovereignty in many areas to carry out common policies and governance. Not a super-state to replace existing states, nor just an organization for international cooperation. World’s most open market for goods and commodities from developing countries million Member States Combined population of EU Member States Percent of world’s population Percent of global GDP 55 Percent of combined worldwide Official Development Assistance

The European Union EU Institutions European Commission 27 Commissioners, representing the European perspective, each responsible for a specific policy area. EU’s executive branch proposes legislation, manages Union’s day-to-day business and budget, and enforces rules. Negotiates trade agreements and manages Europe’s multilateral development cooperation. Council of the European Union EU’s main decision-making body, comprised of ministers of 27 Member States, representing Member State’s point of view. Decides on foreign policy issues. Council presidency rotates among Member States every six months. European Commission President José Manuel Barroso

The European Union EU Institutions European Parliament Voice of European citizens – members elected for five-year terms. With the Council, passes EU laws and adopts EU budgets. Approves EU Commissioners. European Court of Justice Highest EU judicial authority. Ensures all EU laws are interpreted and applied correctly and uniformly. Can act as an independent policy maker but unlike the U.S. Supreme Court, the ECJ can only deal with matters covered by the Treaties. European Parliament in session

The European Union European Central Bank The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central bank for Europe's single currency, the euro. The ECB’s main task is to maintain the euro's purchasing power and thus price stability in the euro area. The euro area comprises the 15 European Union countries that have introduced the euro since The ECB operates independently from Member State governments. The euro was introduced in 1999

The European Union United in Diversity - The €uro

The European Union The €uro In 1999, the euro area was established as a currency in eleven of the then fifteen EU Member States. Of the 27 EU Member States today, fifteen have adopted the euro. One of the striking benefits of a single European currency are low interest rates due to a high degree of price stability. The euro is as stable and credible as the best- performing currencies previously used in the euro area countries. €€€€€€€€

The European Union 1951: In the aftermath of World War II, the aim was to secure peace among Europe’s victorious and vanquished nations and bring them together as equals, cooperating within shared institutions. Based on a plan by French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman. Six founding countries – Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands – signed a treaty to run heavy industries (coal and steel) under common management. European Coal and Steel Community Jean Monnet and other leaders with the first “European” ingot of steel

The European Union Treaty of Rome The six founding countries expanded cooperation to other economic sectors, creating the European Economic Community (EEC) – or “common market.” As a result, people, goods, services, and capital today move freely across the Union. 1957: Signing of the Treaty of Rome

The European Union 1951 Founding Members Belgium France Germany Italy Luxembourg Netherlands

The European Union 1973 Denmark Ireland United Kingdom

The European Union 1981 Greece

The European Union 1986 Portugal Spain

The European Union November 1989 Fall of the Berlin Wall sets the stage for unifying Europe and EU enlargement

The European Union 1995 Austria Finland Sweden

The European Union 2004 Cyprus Czech Republic Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Malta Poland Slovakia Slovenia

The European Union 2007 Bulgaria Romania

The European Union Candidate Countries Croatia Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Turkey Potential Candidate Countries Albania Bosnia & Herzegovina Montenegro Serbia including Kosovo under UN Security Council Resolution 1244

The European Union 50 Years of EU Integration Enlargement has: Inspired reforms and consolidated common principles of liberty, democracy, respect for human rights, fundamental freedoms, the rule of law, and market economy. Enhanced the EU’s weight in the world and made it a stronger and more attractive international partner. “Enlargement has been a success story for the European Union and Europe as a whole. It has helped to overcome the division of Europe and contributed to peace and stability throughout the continent.” European Council Declaration Dec. 15, Member States627 Population174 million493 million Languages423

The European Union The EU is a global player. Its soft power promotes stability, prosperity, democracy and human rights, delivers concrete results in the fight to eradicate poverty, and in achieving sustainable development. UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy Javier Solana, and EU Commissioner Benita Ferrero-Waldner The EU in the World

The European Union Addressing Global Challenges Peace & Security –Works for global peace and security alongside the United States and multilateral organizations – including NATO and the United Nations. –Undertakes humanitarian and peacekeeping missions and has provided military forces for crisis management around the globe. Counterterrorism & Homeland Security –Taken steps to improve intelligence sharing, enhance law enforcement and judicial cooperation, curtail terrorist financing. –Boosts trade and transport security to support the struggle against terrorism.

The European Union Democracy & Human Rights –Works globally for free elections and open democratic processes. –Fights racism and intolerance at home and abroad. –Campaigns globally against capital punishment. Development Assistance & Humanitarian Relief –The EU and its Member States are the world’s largest aid donor, providing 55% of total official development assistance. –Provides billions of dollars in humanitarian aid to more than 100 countries in response to crises and natural disasters. Addressing Global Challenges

The European Union Trade –European Commission represents all 27 EU Member States before the World Trade Organization. –Supports free trade and open markets, within the rules-based structure of the WTO, to promote growth and jobs in both industrialized and developing countries. –The world's most open market for products and commodities from developing countries – 40% of all EU imports are from developing countries. Addressing Global Challenges

The European Union Environmental Protection –A leader in global efforts to protect the environment, maintaining rigorous and comprehensive systems at home. –Plays a key role in developing and implementing international agreements, such as the Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change. –Executing a “cap and trade” system to reduce greenhouse gas emissions –Takes the lead in the fight against global warming with the adoption of binding energy targets (cutting 20% of the EU’s greenhouse gas emissions by 2020). Addressing Global Challenges Source: German Information Center USA

The European Union The European Union and the United States “Our strong friendship is essential to peace and prosperity around the globe. No temporary debate, to passing disagreement among nations, no power on earth, will ever divide us.” President George W. Bush “The relationship between the United States and Europe is the world’s strongest, most comprehensive, and strategically important partnership. The United States, and a united Europe – this is really the indispensable partnership.” President of the European Commission José Manuel Barroso

The European Union Partners in Global Leadership EU and U.S. work together to develop international standards: –Fighting terrorism and transnational crime –Advancing global trade liberalization –Combating piracy and intellectual property violations –Spreading benefits of globalization EU and its Member States are helping restore peace and stability in Afghanistan. EU and U.S. work together in the Middle East Quartet to advance the peace process. When the EU and U.S. agree, others tend to follow. EU Commissioner Benita Ferrero- Waldner & U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice

The European Union Shared Values and Responsibilities Freedom & Democracy Support free elections, good governance, human rights, and the rule of law around the world. Security Cooperate to fight terrorism, limit the spread of nuclear weapons, and work for global peace. Development Together, EU and U.S. provide 80% of global development assistance and an even larger share of global humanitarian aid in times of disaster and conflict.

The European Union A Dynamic Transatlantic Economy EU and U.S. together account for 40% of total global trade (more than $1.5 billion in transatlantic trade every day). The $3 trillion EU-U.S. transatlantic economy employs 14 million workers on both sides of the Atlantic. In 2005, Europe accounted for roughly two- thirds of total global investment flows into the U.S. – by far the most significant source of foreign investment in the U.S. economy.

The European Union European companies are the leading foreign investors in the U.S. –The UK, Germany, France, and the Netherlands – top four sources of jobs created by foreign investment in the United States. American companies invest far more in EU countries than in Asia. –U.S. businesses make 5 times the profit in the Netherlands - alone - as they make in China. –In 2005, EU investments in Texas alone surpassed all U.S. investments in China and Japan, combined. BMW’s assembly plant is South Carolina’s largest private sector employer.

The European Union Future of Transatlantic Relations EU and U.S. face common challenges that are global in origin and impact. With global challenges, come global responsibilities. EU and U.S., with our shared values and common interests, are natural partners to give a lead in four key areas: –Promote peace, human rights and democracy worldwide. –Confront global challenges, including security and non-proliferation. –Foster prosperity and opportunity. –Advance strategic cooperation on energy security, climate change and sustainable development.

The European Union “Since no single nation can efficiently and effectively deal with global challenges such as climate change, counterterrorism, non-proliferation, pandemics and natural disasters on its own, we commit ourselves to strengthening our cooperation to address these challenges.” EU-U.S. Summit Declaration Vienna, July 2006

The European Union

Assignment Research an article that sites a real-world example of economic power the European Union shares among its members. Assignment: Research an article that sites a real-world example of economic power the European Union shares among its members. Provide a summary of the article to share with the class along with the site.