The Power of Caring: The Power to Make a Difference Dr. Jean Watson The Power of Caring: The Power to Make a Difference NURS1960-A Anna Ionadi Amanda Wallace Shannon MacFarlane Sheldon Hubert Tawnya Werb

Dr. Jean Watson at a glance … “Maybe this one moment, with this one person, is the very reason we’re here on Earth at this time.” - Jean Watson, The Caring Moment Dr. Jean Watson at a glance …

Education * Dr. Watson was born and raised in a small town in the Dr. Jean Watson at a glance… Education * Dr. Watson was born and raised in a small town in the Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia in the 1940’s 1958-61 R.N. Diploma in Nursing Lewis-Gale School of Nursing 1962-64 B.S. in Nursing University of Colorado 1964-66 M.S. in Psychiatric Mental-Health Nursing; Minor Psychology 1969-70 Graduate Work: Social and Clinical Psychology University of Colorado, 1969-73 Ph.D. in Educational Psychology and Counseling

Accomplishments Recipient of several awards and honours including: Dr. Jean Watson at a glance… Accomplishments Recipient of several awards and honours including: International Kellogg Fellowship in Australia Fulbright Research Award in Sweden Six Honorary Doctoral Degrees Including 3 International Honorary Doctorates (Sweden, UK, Canada) 1993 National League for Nursing Martha E. Rogers Award Recognizes a nurse scholar who has made significant contributions to nursing knowledge that advances the science of caring in nursing and health sciences Distinguished Nurse Scholar, recognized by New York University Norman Cousins Award in 1999, Recognition for her commitment to developing; maintaining and exemplifying relationship-centered care practices Founder of the Centre for Human Caring in Colorado Is a Fellow at the American Academy of Nursing

Published Works Some of the well-known published works by Dr. Watson: Dr. Jean Watson at a glance… Published Works Some of the well-known published works by Dr. Watson: 1979, 1985, 2008 Nursing and the Philosophy and Science of Caring 1985, 1988, 1999 Nursing: Human Science and Human Caring 1999 Postmodern Nursing and Beyond 2002 Assessing and Measuring Caring in Nursing and Health Sciences For a full list of books, articles and all other publications, please visit: http://www.nursing.ucdenver.edu/faculty/j_watson_pubs.htm

Dr. Jean Watson at a glance… Influences Eastern Philosophy: focuses on a holistic approach, looking at the body as a whole unit, not a sum of parts “is based on a metaphysical, spiritual-existential and phenomenological orientation.” - Fawcett, 1993 This links to earlier nursing theorists, including: Nightingale, Travelbee, Leininger, Paterson & Zderad Psychology theorists who influenced her theory of caring: Hans Selye, Richard Lazarus and Carl Rogers

Dr. Jean Watson’s theory of caring … “The goal of nursing is to help a person gain a higher degree of harmony with the mind, body and soul.” - Jean Watson, Nursing as Human Science and Human Care Dr. Jean Watson’s theory of caring …

Watson’s Concern Three major elements of her theory: Dr. Jean Watson’s theory Watson’s Concern Defining nursing as a distinct health profession Make explicit nursing values, knowledge and practice Make known: Inner healing process Experiencing the person Three major elements of her theory: Ten Carative Factors The Caring Occasion / The Caring Moment Transpersonal Caring

Assumptions Humans cannot be treated as objects Dr. Jean Watson’s theory Assumptions Humans cannot be treated as objects Humans cannot be separated from self, other, nature, or the larger universe There is a sacredness of life and all living things Nurses must treat themselves with gentleness and dignity before they are capable of providing the same to others

Assumptions about Caring Dr. Jean Watson’s theory Assumptions about Caring Caring can be effectively demonstrated and practiced interpersonally Caring consists of carative factors that can fulfill human needs Effective caring promotes health and individual and family growth Caring responses accept a person as is and looks beyond to what that person may become A caring environment offers the development of potential while allowing a person to choose the best action at a given time Caring is as equally important as curing The practice of caring is central to nursing

The Caring Occasion & The Caring Moment Before moving on to today’s dissertation, where our three candidates will discuss their position of Jean Watson’s nursing theory, inclusive of: The Four Metaparadigms Concepts: Person, Health, Environment and Nursing The Caring Occasion & The Caring Moment Transpersonal Caring We will take a brief look at Watson’s third theory, the carative factors, in attempt to provide a basis for later discussion.

Dr. Jean Watson’s theory Carative Factors Caritas comes from the Latin word meaning to cherish, to appreciate, to give special attention. Invites nurse to explore the intersection between personal and professional The Ten Carative Factors: Humanistic-altruistic system of values Faith-hope Sensitivity to self and to others Helping-trusting, human care relationships Expressing positive and negative feelings Creative problem solving caring processes Transpersonal teaching-learning Supportive, protective and or corrective mental, physical, societal and spiritual environment Human needs assistance Existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces In order to understand how Watson’s theory can be transferred into the nursing practice, it is important to note Jean Watson’s: 10 carative factors that can be used as a guide in order to help nursing interventions. These carative factors provide a framework that directs the nurse’s attention to caring processes that help form a structure for studying and understanding nursing as the science of caring.

Dr. Jean Watson’s theory Carative Factors Research Article: Caring for Older Adults: Practice Guided by Watson’s Caring-Healing Model The nurse develops a sense of hope (factor 2) and trust (factor 4) through genuine caring, listening and responding to the unique seriousness of Mrs. Smith’s experience (factor 1) Acknowledgement of Mrs. Smith’s expression of disharmony (factor 5) between her usual perceived self and this encounter The nurse, along with family, other health professionals and community services can help Mrs. Smith meet her basic needs (factor 9) of pain management, arrangements for check ups, support with ADL’s and reconnecting with old friends. (Bernick, 2004)

Dr. Jean Watson’s theory Carative Factors Within the caring-healing model, the approach included one that attended to the interconnectiveness between Mrs. Smith’s mind-body-soul as influenced by her personal experience Mrs. Smith’s pain was better controlled, she was able to control her fears of her life management, and was able to reintegrate her life with others and feel supported (Bernick, 2004)

Carative Factors Benefits: Dr. Jean Watson’s theory Carative Factors Benefits: Transferable to current practice environments, meaning of health through the patient’s perspective, considers the complexity of each individual experience Limitations: Time As shown, Watson’s theory is easily transferable to current practice environments. Mrs. Smith’s situation is one that can definitely occur in a community nurses’ environment. Meaning of health through the patients perspective is a benefit b/c for example, in LTC a patient is not going to be cured, since Watson believes caring is independent of curing, it is easy to assist the patient on their own unique level. Even though the nurse may not be able to cure the patient, the nurse may be able to provide proper pain control, provide a positive relationship etc. therefore, if the goal of the patient is to pass without any pain, and the nurse is able to provide proper pain control, the nurse is properly doing their job with the patients best interest at heart. Can potentially apply to any situation in nursing. In order to apply Watson’s theory, time must be spent with the patient in order to understand “their” story. Time is needed to listen, and understand each unique situation and find out what’s important to each individual patient. Time restrictions are obvious in hospital scenerios, acute care centres etc.

Purposeful To be intentional To pause and slow down Mindful Grounded on firm surface while Feeling the breeze and warm sun Presence In a world of one Shared with another Organized Creativity, context and knowledge Primacy being care Central to all Reverence and respect Connecting Listening Being understood Caring Supporting Healing (Bernick, 2004)

On Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring and the Metaparadigm Concepts Sheldon Hubert On Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring and the Metaparadigm Concepts

Anna Ionadi On Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring and the Caring Occasion & Caring Moment

On Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring and Transpersonal Caring Amanda Wallace On Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring and Transpersonal Caring

References Bernick, L. (2004). Caring for older adults: practice guided by Watson’s caring-healing model. Nursing Science Quarterly, 17(2), 128-134.