1 Social Dimensions in Globalisation David Litteljohn Events in a Globalising World, Lecture 2

2 Introduction Hugh McKay (Held, Chapter 2) shows that factors that affect Globalisation and culture/media include –Nation states (e.g. legislation) –New technologies –Companies/capital –Communities We will use most of these issues to explore the social dimensions of globalisation

3 Thus … Aims of the lecture To consider the complexity of globalisation in a social context To examine general issues of social areas of concern in a globalised world To contextualise events impacts within a tourism framework, highlighting global perspective as relevant and to relate the debates to Issues and Events (Stop 2010)

4 References Websites/ podcasts as given throughout the lecture For Global economic equality see: Hall C. M. and Page S. J, 2006, The Geography of Tourism and Recreation: Environment, Place and Space, Third Edition, Routledge, pp (available as an e- book via GCU) Stop 2010 see:

5 Social Dimensions Meaning of the social dimension - winners and losers in globalisation How do we ‘measure’ losers? Social Justice: Citizens of the world? Or is there social exclusion? Citizenship includes civil, political and social rights PLUS here health and economic conditions

6 Social Issues in globalisation Critiquing Multi-nationals No Space: Ubiquity of brand reach (lifestyle. locations) No Choice: brands constrain/control due to standards and corporate ‘management’ No Jobs: McJobs No Logo: Bottom up resistance Also: go to for ‘bottom up’ organisationshttp:// (Klein)

7 Noam Chomsky What is Globalisation? The TYPE of integration imposed has serious implications for poor Away from traditional agriculture Drug agriculture Export driven work Urbanisation Chomsky Audio

8 Employment Women Children Migration BBC news site video reports bin/search/results.pl?tab=av&q=immigration&recipe=all &scope=all&edition= bin/search/results.pl?tab=av&q=immigration&recipe=all &scope=all&edition

9 Law, Justice No nation states in a globalised world? Deregulation ‘rules’? Nuremberg, Yugoslavia, Rwanda, Dafur …. Any assumption that sovereignty is an indivisible, illimitable, exclusive and perpetual form of public power - entrenched in the nation state - is now defunct (Held, 1995) David Held link:

10 Tourism perspectives – leading to Events International tourism policies PhaseCharacteristics Govt. develop tourism infrastructure to aid regional development present Continued use for regional development, increased focus on environment, reduced involvement in infrastructure, greater emphasis on public-private partnerships and industry self regulation Adapted: OECD etc, as in p 16 Hall, C M, 2000, Tourism Planning – Policies, processes and relationships, Prentice Hall/Pearson Education, Harlow

11 Positive Negative Hall C. M. and Page S. J, 2006

12 Hall C. M. and Page S. J, 2006 Positive Negative

13 Hall C. M. and Page S. J, 2006 Positive Negative

14 ?Globalisation around these? Opportunity costs of tourism investment Commercialisation of personal/private nature/ exploitation –Sex tourism elatedhttp:// elated –Stop The Traffick – Cambodia A long (25 mins plus) and at time harrowing report - the shocking impact of international sex tourism comes towards the end

15 ?Globalisation around these? Modification of nature of event or activity to accommodate tourism Potential increase in crime Changes in community structure Social dislocation Distortion of nature of event to reflect values of the political system Destruction of heritage

16 Tourism some way behind a global perspective Liberalisation: –The local vis-à-vis planning of facilities –Air transport competition - still heavily regulated Global security: Where is a global response/policy? –Health (SARS), AIDs Terrorism: – 9/11; Bali; Madrid; 7/7

2010 Winter Olympics The resist 2010 campaign re Whistler, Vancouver event Economic cost/opportunity costs Funding models and sponsorship (corporate roles) Associations with past Olympics Role of Native peoples Relationship with other anti-globalisation campaigns 17

18 Wrap up on Social dimensions Interconnected world, interconnected issues Issues of globalisation are varied and entangled Tourism analysis still weak - theoretical and lacking a global perspective, with little empirical work Events, within tourism, have become a pivotal feature in terms of positioning, image building and sustainability: provide a wonderful lens for examining globalisation in developed and developing locations